UNASSIGNED: A serial cross-sectional design was used to compare the healthcare expenditures of adult Medical Expenditure Panel Survey respondents who were prescribed nonopioid analgesics, opioids only, opioids/benzodiazepines (BZD), opioids/BZD/skeletal muscle relaxants (SMR), or opioids/gabapentin (gaba) using pooled data from 2009 to 2019. Expenditure (cost and resource utilization) categories included inpatient, outpatient, office-based, and prescription medicine. Average marginal effects were used to compare survey-weighted annual costs and resource utilizations across the groups as compared to nonopioid analgesic respondents, adjusted for covariates.
UNASSIGNED: A weighted total of 34 241 838 individuals were identified. Most were opioid-only respondents (46.5%), followed by nonopioid analgesic (43.4%), opioid/BZD (5.3%), opioid-gaba (3.5%), and opioid/BZD/SMR respondents (1.3%). In comparison to the study groups with nonopioid analgesics, opioid-gaba users had the highest significant incremental cost difference among the different pairings (+$11 684, P < .001). Opioid-gaba, opioid/BZD, and opioid/BZD/SMR respondents had significantly higher inpatient, emergency department, and prescription drug costs and use compared to nonopioid analgesic respondents. Opioid-only respondents had higher outpatient and office-based costs and visits compared to nonopioid analgesic respondents.
UNASSIGNED: As healthcare providers seek to utilize fewer opioids for pain management, attention must be paid to ensuring safe and effective use of concurrent CNS depressants to mitigate high healthcare costs and burden.
■使用连续横截面设计来比较成人医疗支出小组调查受访者的医疗支出,只有阿片类药物,阿片类药物/苯二氮卓类药物(BZD),阿片类药物/BZD/骨骼肌松弛剂(SMR),或阿片类药物/加巴喷丁(gaba)使用2009年至2019年的汇总数据。支出(成本和资源利用率)类别包括住院、门诊病人,办公,和处方药。平均边际效应用于比较各组与非阿片类镇痛药受访者相比的调查加权年度成本和资源利用率。针对协变量进行调整。
■确定了34241838个人的加权总数。大多数是仅使用阿片类药物的受访者(46.5%),其次是非阿片类镇痛药(43.4%),阿片类药物/BZD(5.3%),阿片类gaba(3.5%),和阿片类药物/BZD/SMR受访者(1.3%)。与使用非阿片类镇痛药的研究组相比,阿片类药物-gaba使用者在不同配对中的增量成本差异最大(+$11684,P<.001)。阿片类药物-gaba,阿片类药物/BZD,阿片类药物/BZD/SMR受访者的住院患者明显较高,急诊科,以及与非阿片类镇痛药受访者相比的处方药成本和使用情况。与非阿片类镇痛药的受访者相比,仅阿片类药物的受访者的门诊和办公室费用和就诊次数更高。
■随着医疗保健提供者寻求使用更少的阿片类药物进行疼痛管理,必须注意确保安全和有效地使用并发中枢神经系统抑制剂,以减轻高昂的医疗保健成本和负担。