PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has gained significant attention as a therapeutic option for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because of its multifaceted mechanism of action. It is a lipophilic, lysosomotropic drug, that easily traverses cell membranes and accumulates in lysosomes. Once accumulated, HCQ alkalizes lysosomes within the cytoplasm, thereby disrupting their function and interfering with processes like antigen presentation. Additionally, HCQ has shown potential in modulating T-cell responses, inhibiting cytokine production, and influencing Toll-like receptor signaling. Its immunomodulatory effects have generated interest in its application for autoimmune disorders. Despite its established efficacy, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal therapeutic concentrations and their correlation with adverse effects such as retinal toxicity. Therefore, standardized dosing and monitoring guidelines are crucial. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, efficacy, dosing variations, and retinal toxicity profiles of HCQ, which are essential to optimize SLE treatment protocols and ensure patient safety.
摘要：
羟氯喹（HCQ）由于其多方面的作用机制，已成为系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的治疗选择。它是亲脂性的，溶体促生长药，容易穿过细胞膜并积聚在溶酶体中。一旦积累，HCQ碱化细胞质内的溶酶体，从而破坏它们的功能并干扰抗原呈递等过程。此外,HCQ在调节T细胞反应方面显示出潜力，抑制细胞因子的产生，并影响Toll样受体信号传导。其免疫调节作用已引起人们对其在自身免疫性疾病中的应用的兴趣。尽管它的功效已经确立，关于最佳治疗浓度及其与视网膜毒性等不良反应的相关性仍然存在不确定性.因此,标准化给药和监测指南至关重要.在这项研究中,我们对机制进行了全面审查，功效,剂量变化，和HCQ的视网膜毒性概况，这对于优化SLE治疗方案和确保患者安全至关重要。
