Abstract：
Children often show cognitive and affective traits that are similar to their parents. Although this indicates a transmission of phenotypes from parents to children, little is known about the neural underpinnings of that transmission. Here, we provide a general overview of neuroimaging studies that explore the similarity between parents and children in terms of brain structure and function. We notably discuss the aims, designs, and methods of these so-called intergenerational neuroimaging studies, focusing on two main designs: the parent-child design and the multigenerational design. For each design, we also summarize the major findings, identify the sources of variability between studies, and highlight some limitations and future directions. We argue that the lack of consensus in defining the parent-child transmission of brain structure and function leads to measurement heterogeneity, which is a challenge for future studies. Additionally, multigenerational studies often use measures of family resemblance to estimate the proportion of variance attributed to genetic versus environmental factors, though this estimate is likely inflated given the frequent lack of control for shared environment. Nonetheless, intergenerational neuroimaging studies may still have both clinical and theoretical relevance, not because they currently inform about the etiology of neuromarkers, but rather because they may help identify neuromarkers and test hypotheses about neuromarkers coming from more standard neuroimaging designs.
摘要：
儿童通常表现出与父母相似的认知和情感特征。尽管这表明表型从父母到孩子的传播，对这种传播的神经基础知之甚少。这里,我们提供了神经影像学研究的一般概述，这些研究探讨了父母和儿童在大脑结构和功能方面的相似性。我们特别讨论了目标，设计,以及这些所谓的代际神经影像学研究的方法，专注于两个主要设计：亲子设计和多代设计。对于每个设计，我们还总结了主要发现，确定研究之间变异性的来源，并强调了一些局限性和未来的方向。我们认为，在定义大脑结构和功能的亲子传递方面缺乏共识会导致测量异质性，这对未来的研究是一个挑战。此外,多代研究通常使用家庭相似性来估计归因于遗传因素与环境因素的方差比例，尽管鉴于共享环境经常缺乏控制，这一估计可能会被夸大。尽管如此，代际神经影像学研究可能仍然具有临床和理论相关性，不是因为他们目前告知了神经标记物的病因，而是因为它们可能有助于识别神经标记，并检验来自更标准神经成像设计的神经标记的假设。
