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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions.
UNASSIGNED: 0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F-, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
UNASSIGNED: The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (-0.12 and -0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (-1.06 and -0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F- concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F- concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.
UNASSIGNED: SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F- and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F- and pH. In RS, F- reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43- to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl- to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.
UNASSIGNED: 0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F-, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
UNASSIGNED: The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (-0.12 and -0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (-1.06 and -0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F- concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F- concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.
UNASSIGNED: SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F- and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F- and pH. In RS, F- reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43- to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl- to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.
摘要：
■氟化银金刚石（SDF）是治疗牙本质龋齿的临床最小干预措施。它在脱矿质条件下的化学性质已被广泛研究，但在再矿化条件下要少得多。目的是研究和比较将SDF添加到再矿化和去矿化溶液中时的化学反应。
■将0.01mlSDF(RivaStar)加入去离子水(DW);去矿质(DS=pH4)和再矿化(RS=pH7.0)溶液中。NH4+浓度的时间顺序,F-,使用离子选择电极(ISE)每2分钟测量Ag+。还测量了pH。使用X射线衍射(XRD)表征沉淀物，31P和19F核磁共振波谱(NMR)。
■NH4+和Ag+的浓度在DW中呈下降趋势（分别为-0.12和-0.08mM/h），和DS（分别为-1.06和-0.5mM/h）；F-浓度相应增加（分别为0.04和0.7mM/h）。然而,在RS,NH4+浓度变化不大(0.001mM/h),Ag+和F-浓度可以忽略不计。XRD结果表明，沉淀物（仅在RS中）含有AgCl，和金属Ag。NMR显示形成氟磷灰石/碳酸化氟磷灰石(FAP/CFAP)。在所有三种溶液中添加SDF后,pH增加。
■SDF溶解释放NH4+，F-和Ag+。在DW和DS中，NH4+与Ag+结合形成二氨基银，导致F-和pH值的增加。在RS中,F-与Ca2+和(PO)43-反应形成FAP/CFAP,Ag+与Cl-反应形成AgCl/Ag。这些提示了为什么SDF在处理牙本质龋齿方面有效。
■将0.01mlSDF(RivaStar)加入去离子水(DW);去矿质(DS=pH4)和再矿化(RS=pH7.0)溶液中。NH4+浓度的时间顺序,F-,使用离子选择电极(ISE)每2分钟测量Ag+。还测量了pH。使用X射线衍射(XRD)表征沉淀物，31P和19F核磁共振波谱(NMR)。
■NH4+和Ag+的浓度在DW中呈下降趋势（分别为-0.12和-0.08mM/h），和DS（分别为-1.06和-0.5mM/h）；F-浓度相应增加（分别为0.04和0.7mM/h）。然而,在RS,NH4+浓度变化不大(0.001mM/h),Ag+和F-浓度可以忽略不计。XRD结果表明，沉淀物（仅在RS中）含有AgCl，和金属Ag。NMR显示形成氟磷灰石/碳酸化氟磷灰石(FAP/CFAP)。在所有三种溶液中添加SDF后,pH增加。
■SDF溶解释放NH4+，F-和Ag+。在DW和DS中，NH4+与Ag+结合形成二氨基银，导致F-和pH值的增加。在RS中,F-与Ca2+和(PO)43-反应形成FAP/CFAP,Ag+与Cl-反应形成AgCl/Ag。这些提示了为什么SDF在处理牙本质龋齿方面有效。
