Abstract：
The authors of the texts described in this chapter will have had access to the anatomy of Vesalius; a marked step forward. However, there was no equivalent advance in physiology. Harvey\'s book on the circulation of the blood was published in 1628 but it took many years for its contents to be accepted as standard teaching. The century saw the development of instruments some of which look more like instruments a modern surgeon would recognize. The two major technical advances were the acceptance of a single-handed trephine and the design of crown trepans with a conical shape and blades extending up the sides. Moreover, the crown trepan had once again become the favored instrument for gaining access to the interior of the cranium. In terms of technique there was a worrying trend that surgeons could feel when they had penetrated the inner table of the skull without the need to probe. All the way back to Hippocrates, it had been customary to use probes to assess depth while trepanning. Thus, the abandonment of this safety measure if it was real, is cause for concern. However, it is not impossible that probing was continued and simply not mentioned as it was so obviously necessary as not to require comment. The lenticular illustrated remains of the triangular shape first illustrated by Vidius. It is important to note that it was not used to incise the skull but to smooth of rough edges and spicules.
摘要：
本章中描述的文本的作者将可以访问Vesalius的解剖结构；向前迈出了明显的一步。然而,在生理学方面没有同等的进步。哈维关于血液循环的书出版于1628年，但它花了很多年的内容才被接受为标准教学。本世纪见证了仪器的发展，其中一些看起来更像现代外科医生会认识的仪器。两项主要的技术进步是接受了单手环钻，并设计了圆锥形的冠状和向上延伸的叶片。此外，冠状凹陷再次成为进入头盖骨内部的首选工具。就技术而言，令人担忧的趋势是，外科医生可以在不需要探测的情况下穿透颅骨的内表。一路回到希波克拉底,通常情况下，使用探针在进行钻孔时评估深度。因此，放弃这项安全措施，如果它是真实的，令人担忧。然而,这并不是不可能继续进行探测，根本没有提到，因为它显然是必要的，不需要评论。所示的透镜状保留为首先由Vidius示出的三角形。重要的是要注意，它不是用来切开头骨，而是用来平滑粗糙的边缘和针状体。
