Abstract：
In La Réunion, the established honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera unicolor, an endemic subspecies of African lineage, is facing considerable challenges. Since the introduction of the Varroa destructor mite in 2017 high colony losses have been recorded. We investigated the dynamics of V. destructor and two viruses, the Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), known to be transmitted by the mite, and the Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV), in A. m. unicolor. Colonies from two apiaries located at 300 and 900 m a.s.l were monitored twice for one year without any acaricide treatment. The brood area, V. destructor infestation rates, DWV and CBPV prevalence and load were recorded monthly. A. m. unicolor maintained brood rearing throughout the year. Varroa destructor infestation resulted in high colony mortality (up to 85 %) and high phoretic mite rates (up to 52 mites per hundred bees). The establishment of DWV in colonies occurred after that of V. destructor and the mite infestation rate had a significant effect on the virus prevalence and load. CBPV appeared only transiently throughout the surveys. The data showed that, in tropical colonies with permanent brood rearing, V. destructor and DWV can reach high levels, but are still subject to seasonal variations that appear to be influenced by environmental conditions. This suggests that beekeeping practices could be adapted by favouring sites and periods for transhumance or acaricide treatment.
摘要：
在留尼汪岛,已建立的蜜蜂亚种Apismelliferaunicolor，非洲血统的特有亚种，面临相当大的挑战。自2017年引入Varroa破坏螨以来，已经记录了高菌落损失。我们研究了V.析构函数和两种病毒的动力学，变形机翼病毒(DWV),已知是由螨传播的，和慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒（CBPV），在A.M.unicolor。对位于300和900ma.s.l的两个蜂巢的菌落进行了两次监测，为期一年，没有进行任何杀螨剂处理。育儿区，五、破坏体侵扰率，每月记录DWV和CBPV患病率和负荷。A.m.unicolor全年保持育苗。Varroa破坏因子的侵染导致高菌落死亡率（高达85％）和高电泳螨率（每百只蜜蜂多达52只螨）。菌落中DWV的建立发生在V.destructor之后，螨的侵染率对病毒的患病率和载量有显着影响。CBPV在整个调查中仅短暂出现。数据显示,在热带殖民地，有永久性的育苗，V.析构函数和DWV可以达到很高的水平，但仍然受到似乎受环境条件影响的季节性变化的影响。这表明养蜂的做法可以通过偏爱转移或杀螨剂处理的地点和时期来适应。
