Abstract：
Storing manure emits greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). However, the emissions from types of manure stored at smallholder dairy farms remains unknown. Hence, the study aims to analyse the dynamics of N2O and CH4 from different types of dairy manure as affected by storage periods. We collected samples from fresh manure (FM-DF1), manure from communal ponds in an urban dairy farm (IP-DF1, FP-DF1, MS-DF1), fresh manure from an urban dairy farm (FM-DF2), and fresh (FM-DF3), separated (FS-DF3), and fermented manure (FR-DF3) from a peri-urban dairy farm, and stored them for eight weeks and analyse them using the closed chamber method. The changes of manure composition including total solids (TS), nitrogen (N), ammonia-nitrogen (N-NH3), and carbon (C) were analysed. Results indicated an increase TS in all treatments except for MS-DF1, while N, N-NH3, and C content decreased in all treatments. The N2O emissions formed at the start, peaked in the middle, and declined towards the end storage period. The CH4 emissions peaked at the start and decreased until the end storage period. Treatment FM-DF2 yield highest cumulative of N2O (0.82 g/m2) and CH4 (41.63 g/m2) compared to other fresh manure treatment. A mixed model analysis detected a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between manure types and storage periods. In conclusion, manure types and storage periods affect the emissions. Changes in manure concentration during storage and animal diets are two important factors influencing emissions. Strategies to reduce emissions include reducing moisture content in manure, shortening storage periods, and improving feed quality.
摘要：
储存粪便排放温室气体(GHG)排放，包括一氧化二氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）。然而,储存在小农奶牛场的粪便类型的排放量仍然未知。因此，该研究旨在分析不同类型乳肥中N2O和CH4受储存期影响的动态。我们从新鲜粪便（FM-DF1）中收集样品，来自城市奶牛场公共池塘的肥料（IP-DF1，FP-DF1，MS-DF1），来自城市奶牛场的新鲜粪便(FM-DF2)，和新鲜（FM-DF3），分离(FS-DF3)，和来自城市周边奶牛场的发酵肥料（FR-DF3），并将其储存八周，并使用封闭腔室方法进行分析。粪肥组成的变化，包括总固体(TS)，氮(N),氨氮(N-NH3),和碳(C)进行了分析。结果表明，除MS-DF1外，所有处理的TS均增加，而N，在所有处理中，N-NH3和C含量均降低。开始时形成的N2O排放，在中间达到顶峰，并在接近储存期结束时下降。CH4排放量在开始时达到峰值，并在结束储存期之前下降。与其他新鲜粪肥处理相比，处理FM-DF2产生的N2O（0.82g/m2）和CH4（41.63g/m2）的累积量最高。混合模型分析检测到粪肥类型和储存期之间的显着相互作用（p<0.05）。总之,粪便类型和储存期影响排放。储存和动物日粮期间粪便浓度的变化是影响排放的两个重要因素。减少排放的策略包括减少粪便中的水分含量，缩短储存期，提高饲料质量。
