Abstract：
Groundwater contamination with arsenic (As) is a significant concern in Pakistan\'s Punjab Province. This study analyzed 69 groundwater samples from Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, and Multan to understand hydrogeochemistry, health impacts, contamination sources, and drinking suitability. Results revealed varying as concentrations across districts, with distinctive cation and anion orders. Faisalabad exhibited Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Fe2+ for cations and SO42- > Cl- > HCO3- > NO3- > F- for anions. Gujranwala showed Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. In Lahore, demonstrated: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Fe > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. Multan indicated K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > Fe for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > F- > NO3- ) for anions. Hydrochemical facies were identified as CaHCO3 and CaMgCl types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), highlighted the influence of natural processes and human activities on groundwater pollution. Water Quality Index (WQI) result reveal that most samples met water quality standards. The carcinogenic risk values for children exceeded permissible limits in all districts, emphasizing a significant cancer risk. The study highlights the need for rigorous monitoring to mitigate (As) contamination and protect public health from associated hazards.
摘要：
在巴基斯坦旁遮普省，砷（As）对地下水的污染是一个重大问题。这项研究分析了来自费萨拉巴德的69个地下水样本，古吉兰瓦拉,拉合尔,和木尔坦了解水文地球化学，健康影响,污染源,和饮用适宜性。结果显示，随着各地区的浓度变化，具有独特的阳离子和阴离子顺序。Faisalabad的阳离子表现为Na>Mg2>Ca2>K>Fe2，阴离子表现为SO42->Cl->HCO3->NO3->F-。古吉兰瓦拉显示阳离子为Na>Ca2>Mg2>K，阴离子为HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F-。在拉合尔,证明：阳离子为Na>Ca2>Mg2>Fe>K，阴离子为HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F-。Multan表示阳离子为K>Ca2>Mg2>Na>Fe，阴离子为HCO3->SO42->Cl->F->NO3-）。水化学相被鉴定为CaHCO3和CaMgCl类型。主成分分析(PCA)，强调了自然过程和人类活动对地下水污染的影响。水质指数（WQI）结果表明，大多数样品符合水质标准。所有地区儿童的致癌风险值都超过了允许的限值，强调重大的癌症风险。该研究强调了严格监测以减轻（As）污染并保护公众健康免受相关危害的必要性。
