Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of supragingival dental biofilm control during orthodontic treatment and changes in the bacterial profile were analyzed.
METHODS: Sixty-four participants aged 12-22 years (57% female) were included in the study. Participants underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, which during a period of one month: (I) used chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), (II) used high concentration of fluoride (F) gel and (III) performed standard oral hygiene. The plaque and gingivitis index, pH of biofilm and white spot lesions (WSL) were assessed. Changes of the bacteria in the biofilm were analyzed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction RESULTS: Increase in the plaque index, pH of biofilm, and WSL was observed during orthodontic treatment with standard oral hygiene. Large interindividual variability was present, and the effects of one-month use of fluorides and CHX on clinical parameters were not significant. Despite standard hygiene the abundance of studied biofilm bacteria increased - the most Streptoccocus mutans (14.2x) and S. salivarius (3.3x), moderate Veillonella parvula (3x) and the least S. sobrinus (2.3x) and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). The use of CHX reduced S. sobrinus (2.2x) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). Fluoride use reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.3x) and S. sobrinus (1.2x). Fluorides better controlled S. mutans than CHX.
CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial biomass in supragingival biofilm increased during treatment with metal orthodontic appliances, with greater increase in cariogenic bacteria than periopathogens. Fluoride controlled S. mutans, while CHX S. sobrinus and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
METHODS: Sixty-four participants aged 12-22 years (57% female) were included in the study. Participants underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, which during a period of one month: (I) used chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), (II) used high concentration of fluoride (F) gel and (III) performed standard oral hygiene. The plaque and gingivitis index, pH of biofilm and white spot lesions (WSL) were assessed. Changes of the bacteria in the biofilm were analyzed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction RESULTS: Increase in the plaque index, pH of biofilm, and WSL was observed during orthodontic treatment with standard oral hygiene. Large interindividual variability was present, and the effects of one-month use of fluorides and CHX on clinical parameters were not significant. Despite standard hygiene the abundance of studied biofilm bacteria increased - the most Streptoccocus mutans (14.2x) and S. salivarius (3.3x), moderate Veillonella parvula (3x) and the least S. sobrinus (2.3x) and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). The use of CHX reduced S. sobrinus (2.2x) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). Fluoride use reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.3x) and S. sobrinus (1.2x). Fluorides better controlled S. mutans than CHX.
CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial biomass in supragingival biofilm increased during treatment with metal orthodontic appliances, with greater increase in cariogenic bacteria than periopathogens. Fluoride controlled S. mutans, while CHX S. sobrinus and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
摘要：
目的：分析正畸治疗中牙龈上牙体生物膜控制的有效性和细菌谱的变化。
方法：64名年龄在12-22岁的参与者（57%为女性）被纳入研究。参与者接受固定矫治器的正畸治疗，并被随机分配到三组中的一组，在一个月的时间内：（I）使用二葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHX），（II）使用高浓度的氟化物（F）凝胶和（III）进行标准的口腔卫生。牙菌斑和牙龈炎指数，评估生物膜和白斑病变（WSL）的pH。通过定量聚合酶链反应分析生物膜中细菌的变化结果：菌斑指数增加，生物膜的pH值，在标准口腔卫生的正畸治疗期间观察到WSL。存在很大的个体差异，使用氟化物和CHX一个月对临床参数的影响不显著。尽管有标准卫生条件，但研究的生物膜细菌的丰度增加了-大多数变形链球菌（14.2x）和唾液链球菌（3.3x），中度小风Veillonella（3倍）和最少的S.sobrinus（2.3倍）和Agregatitter放线菌（1.9倍）。CHX的使用减少了S.sobrinus（2.2x）和放线菌A.放线菌（1.9x）。氟化物的使用减少了放线菌（1.3x）和S.sobrinus（1.2x）。氟化物比CHX更好地控制变形链球菌。
结论：在金属正畸矫治器治疗期间，牙龈上生物膜中的细菌生物量增加，与周围病原菌相比，致龋细菌的增加更大。氟化物控制的变形链球菌，而CHXS.sobrinus和A.放线菌。
方法：64名年龄在12-22岁的参与者（57%为女性）被纳入研究。参与者接受固定矫治器的正畸治疗，并被随机分配到三组中的一组，在一个月的时间内：（I）使用二葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHX），（II）使用高浓度的氟化物（F）凝胶和（III）进行标准的口腔卫生。牙菌斑和牙龈炎指数，评估生物膜和白斑病变（WSL）的pH。通过定量聚合酶链反应分析生物膜中细菌的变化结果：菌斑指数增加，生物膜的pH值，在标准口腔卫生的正畸治疗期间观察到WSL。存在很大的个体差异，使用氟化物和CHX一个月对临床参数的影响不显著。尽管有标准卫生条件，但研究的生物膜细菌的丰度增加了-大多数变形链球菌（14.2x）和唾液链球菌（3.3x），中度小风Veillonella（3倍）和最少的S.sobrinus（2.3倍）和Agregatitter放线菌（1.9倍）。CHX的使用减少了S.sobrinus（2.2x）和放线菌A.放线菌（1.9x）。氟化物的使用减少了放线菌（1.3x）和S.sobrinus（1.2x）。氟化物比CHX更好地控制变形链球菌。
结论：在金属正畸矫治器治疗期间，牙龈上生物膜中的细菌生物量增加，与周围病原菌相比，致龋细菌的增加更大。氟化物控制的变形链球菌，而CHXS.sobrinus和A.放线菌。
