PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Dogs have previously been shown to synchronise their behaviour with their owner and the aim of this study was to test the effect of immediate interactions, breed, and the effects of domestication. The behavioural synchronisation test was conducted in outdoor enclosures and consisted of 30 s where the owner/handler was walking and 30 s of standing still. Three studies were conducted to explore the effect of immediate interaction (study A), the effect of breed group (study B), and the effect of domestication (study C). In study A, a group of twenty companion dogs of various breeds were tested after three different human interaction treatments: Ignore, Pet, and Play. The results showed that dogs adjusted their movement pattern to align with their owner\'s actions regardless of treatment. Furthermore, exploration, eye contact, and movement were all influenced by the owners moving pattern, and exploration also decreased after the Play treatment. In study B, the synchronisation test was performed after the Ignore treatment on three groups: 24 dogs of ancient dog breeds, 17 solitary hunting dogs, and 20 companion dogs (data from study A). Irrespective of the group, all dogs synchronised their moving behaviour with their owner. In addition, human walking positively influenced eye contact behaviour while simultaneously decreasing exploration behaviour. In study C, a group of six socialised pack-living wolves and six similarly socialised pack-living dogs were tested after the Ignore treatment. Interestingly, these animals did not alter their moving behaviour in response to their handler. In conclusion, dogs living together with humans synchronise with their owner\'s moving behaviour, while wolves and dogs living in packs do not. Hence, the degree of interspecies behavioural synchronisation may be influenced by the extent to which the dogs are immersed in everyday life with humans.
摘要：
以前已经证明狗与主人的行为同步，这项研究的目的是测试即时互动的效果。品种,以及驯化的影响。行为同步测试在室外围栏中进行，包括所有者/处理者行走的30秒和静止的30秒。进行了三项研究以探索即时相互作用的影响（研究A），品种组的影响(研究B)，以及驯化的影响(研究C)。在研究A中，一组二十只不同品种的伴侣犬在三种不同的人类相互作用处理后进行了测试：忽略，宠物,和玩。结果表明，狗调整他们的运动模式，以符合他们的主人的行动，无论治疗。此外，探索,眼神接触,和运动都受到业主移动模式的影响，游戏治疗后，探索也减少了。在研究B中，在Ignore治疗后，对三组进行了同步测试：24只古老犬种的狗，17只孤独的猎犬，和20只伴侣狗(来自研究A的数据)。无论小组如何，所有的狗都将他们的移动行为与主人同步。此外,人类行走对目光接触行为有积极影响，同时减少探索行为。在研究C中，在Ignore治疗后，对一组六只社会化的群居狼和六只类似的社会化群居狗进行了测试。有趣的是,这些动物并没有改变他们的行为，以回应他们的处理。总之,与人类生活在一起的狗与主人的移动行为同步，而狼群和狗则没有。因此，种间行为同步的程度可能受到狗与人类一起沉浸在日常生活中的程度的影响。
