Abstract：
Checklists are a type of cognitive aid used to guide task performance; they have been adopted as an important safety intervention throughout many high-risk industries. They have become an ubiquitous tool in many medical settings due to being easily accessible and perceived as easy to design and implement. However, there is a lack of understanding for when to use checklists and how to design them, leading to substandard use and suboptimal effectiveness of this intervention in medical settings. The design of a checklist must consider many factors including what types of errors it is intended to address, the experience and technical competencies of the targeted users, and the specific tools or equipment that will be used. Although several taxonomies have been proposed for classifying checklist types, there is, however, little guidance on selecting the most appropriate checklist type, nor how differences in user expertise can influence the design of the checklist. Therefore, we developed an algorithm to provide guidance on checklist use and design. The algorithm, intended to support conception and content/design decisions, was created based on the synthesis of the literature on checklists and our experience developing and observing the use of checklists in clinical environments. We then refined the algorithm iteratively based on subject matter experts\' feedback provided at each iteration. The final algorithm included two parts: the first part provided guidance on the system safety issues for which a checklist is best suited, and the second part provided guidance on which type of checklist should be developed with considerations of the end users\' expertise.
摘要：
清单是一种用于指导任务执行的认知辅助工具；在许多高风险行业中，它们已被用作重要的安全干预措施。由于易于访问并且被认为易于设计和实施，它们已成为许多医疗环境中无处不在的工具。然而,对何时使用清单以及如何设计清单缺乏了解，导致医疗环境中这种干预的使用不合格和效果不理想。清单的设计必须考虑许多因素，包括它打算解决的错误类型，目标用户的经验和技术能力，以及将使用的特定工具或设备。尽管已经提出了几种分类方法来对清单类型进行分类，有,然而,关于选择最合适的检查表类型的指导很少，用户专业知识的差异如何影响检查表的设计。因此,我们开发了一种算法，为清单的使用和设计提供指导。算法，旨在支持概念和内容/设计决策，是根据清单文献的综合以及我们在临床环境中开发和观察清单使用的经验而创建的。然后，我们根据主题专家在每次迭代时提供的反馈，迭代地改进算法。最终的算法包括两个部分：第一部分提供了最适合检查表的系统安全问题的指导，第二部分提供了关于应根据最终用户的专业知识制定哪种类型的清单的指导。
