Abstract：
Peripheral nerves are functional networks in the body. Disruption of these networks induces varied functional consequences depending on the types of nerves and organs affected. Despite the advances in microsurgical repair and understanding of nerve regeneration biology, restoring full functions after severe traumatic nerve injuries is still far from achieved. While a blunted growth response from axons and errors in axon guidance due to physical barriers may surface as the major hurdles in repairing nerves, critical additional cellular and molecular aspects challenge the orderly healing of injured nerves. Understanding the systematic reprogramming of injured nerves at the cellular and molecular levels, referred to here as \"hallmarks of nerve injury regeneration,\" will offer better ideas. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of nerve injury and regeneration and critical points of failures in the natural healing process. Potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention points for repairing nerves are also discussed.
摘要：
周围神经是体内的功能性网络。这些网络的破坏会导致不同的功能后果，具体取决于受影响的神经和器官的类型。尽管在显微外科修复和神经再生生物学的理解方面取得了进展，在严重的创伤性神经损伤后恢复全部功能仍然远远没有实现。虽然轴突迟钝的生长反应和由于物理障碍而导致的轴突引导错误可能是修复神经的主要障碍，关键的额外的细胞和分子方面挑战的有序愈合的损伤的神经。了解在细胞和分子水平上受损神经的系统重编程，这里称为“神经损伤再生的标志，“将提供更好的想法。本章讨论了神经损伤和再生的标志以及自然愈合过程中失败的关键点。还讨论了修复神经的潜在药理和非药理干预点。
