Abstract：
Cancer treatment has seen significant advancements with the introduction of Onco-immunotherapies (OIMTs). Although some of these therapies have received approval for use, others are either undergoing testing or are still in the early stages of development. Challenges persist in making immunotherapy widely applicable to cancer treatment. To maximize the benefits of immunotherapy and minimize potential side effects, it\'s essential to improve response rates across different immunotherapy methods. A promising development in this area is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel delivery systems. These small vesicles can effectively deliver immunotherapies, enhancing their effectiveness and reducing harmful side effects. This article discusses the importance of integrating nanomedicines into OIMTs, highlighting the challenges with current anti-OIMT methods. It also explores key considerations for designing nanomedicines tailored for OIMTs, aiming to improve upon existing immunotherapy techniques. Additionally, the article looks into innovative approaches like biomimicry and the use of natural biomaterial-based nanocarriers (NCs). These advancements have the potential to transform the delivery of immunotherapy. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges of moving OIMTs from theory to clinical practice, providing insights into the future of using advanced nanotechnology in cancer treatment.
摘要：
随着Onco免疫疗法（OIMT）的引入，癌症治疗取得了重大进展。尽管其中一些疗法已获得批准使用，其他人要么正在进行测试，要么仍处于开发的早期阶段。在使免疫疗法广泛适用于癌症治疗方面仍然存在挑战。为了最大限度地发挥免疫疗法的益处并最大限度地减少潜在的副作用，提高不同免疫疗法的反应率至关重要。该领域的有希望的发展是使用细胞外囊泡(EV)作为新型递送系统。这些小囊泡可以有效地提供免疫疗法，增强其有效性并减少有害副作用。本文讨论了将纳米药物整合到OIMT中的重要性，突出了当前反OIMT方法的挑战。它还探讨了设计为OIMT定制的纳米药物的关键考虑因素，旨在改进现有的免疫治疗技术。此外,这篇文章探讨了创新的方法，如生物模拟和使用天然生物材料基纳米载体（NC）。这些进步有可能改变免疫疗法的递送。最后,本文讨论了将OIMT从理论转移到临床实践的挑战，提供在癌症治疗中使用先进的纳米技术的未来见解。
