Abstract：
Due to the anthropogenic increase of atmospheric CO2 emissions, humanity is facing the negative effects of rapid global climate change. Both active emission reduction and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are needed to meet the Paris Agreement and limit global warming to 1.5 °C by 2050. One promising CDR approach is coastal enhanced weathering (CEW), which involves the placement of sand composed of (ultra)mafic minerals like olivine in coastal zones. Although the large-scale placement of olivine sand could beneficially impact the planet through the consumption of atmospheric CO2 and reduction in ocean acidification, it may also have physical and geochemical impacts on benthic communities. The dissolution of olivine can release dissolved constituents such as trace metals that may affect marine organisms. Here we tested acute and chronic responses of marine invertebrates to olivine sand exposure, as well as examined metal accumulation in invertebrate tissue resulting from olivine dissolution. Two different ecotoxicological experiments were performed on a range of benthic marine invertebrates (amphipod, polychaete, bivalve). The first experiment included acute and chronic survival and growth tests (10 and 20 days, respectively) of olivine exposure while the second had longer (28 day) exposures to measure chronic survival and bioaccumulation of trace metals (e.g. Ni, Cr, Co) released during olivine sand dissolution. Across all fauna we observed no negative effects on acute survival or chronic growth resulting solely from olivine exposure. However, over 28 days of exposure, the bent-nosed clam Macoma nasuta experienced reduced burrowing and accumulated 4.2 ± 0.7 μg g ww-1 of Ni while the polychaete Alitta virens accumulated 3.5 ± 0.9 μg g ww-1 of Ni. No significant accumulation of any other metals was observed. Future work should include longer-term laboratory studies as well as CEW field studies to validate these findings under real-world scenarios.
摘要：
由于大气CO2排放的人为增加，人类正面临着全球气候变化的负面影响。主动减排和二氧化碳去除（CDR）技术都需要满足《巴黎协定》，并在2050年将全球变暖限制在1.5°C。一种有前途的CDR方法是沿海增强风化（CEW），这涉及在沿海地区放置由（超）镁铁质矿物组成的沙子，如橄榄石。尽管橄榄石砂的大规模放置可以通过消耗大气中的二氧化碳和减少海洋酸化对地球产生有益的影响，它也可能对底栖群落产生物理和地球化学影响。橄榄石的溶解可以释放溶解的成分，例如可能影响海洋生物的痕量金属。在这里，我们测试了海洋无脊椎动物对橄榄石砂暴露的急性和慢性反应，以及检查了橄榄石溶解导致的无脊椎动物组织中的金属积累。对一系列底栖海洋无脊椎动物（两栖动物，Polychaete,双壳类）。第一个实验包括急性存活和慢性生长测试（10天和20天，分别）的橄榄石暴露，而第二个有更长（28天）的暴露，以测量痕量金属（例如镍，Cr,Co)在橄榄石砂溶解过程中释放。在所有动物群中，我们都没有观察到仅因橄榄石暴露而对急性存活或慢性生长产生负面影响。然而,超过28天的暴露，弯曲鼻子的蛤壳Macomanasuta（康拉德，1837年）经历了减少的洞穴挖掘和积累了4.2±0.7μggww-1的Ni，而多毛类Alittavirens（M.Sars,1835)积累了3.5±0.9μggww-1的镍。没有观察到任何其他金属的显著积累。未来的工作应包括长期的实验室研究以及CEW现场研究，以在现实世界的情况下验证这些发现。
