Abstract：
This study was conducted on 90 grazing Hair, Alpine × Hair F1 (AHF1), and Saanen × Hair F1 (SHF1) crossbred goats in three farms located around the Taurus Mountains in Konya, Türkiye. The study investigated variation in milk production, physico-chemical traits of milk fractions (foremilk, hindmilk and total milk), and growth traits. Genotype, parity, offspring sex, birth type, and flock factors significantly influenced milk production and quality traits of milk fractions (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Does with male/single offspring produced less milk, but with higher nutrient density (P < 0.05). Hindmilk was 272%, 31% and 61% richer in fat, total solids and energy content than foremilk, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the protein, lactose and solids-non-fat content of hindmilk was on average 7% lower than that of foremilk (P < 0.001). Physico-chemical quality traits of foremilk, hindmilk and total milk had a strong negative correlation with daily milk yield (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Live weight and average daily gains (ADG) of kids were influenced by maternal parity, flock, offspring sex and birth type (P < 0.05). The overall Kleiber ratios (KR) from birth to 2 months, birth to 3 months, birth to 6 months and 3 to 6 months of age were 21.0 ± 0.22, 17.1 ± 0.11, 10.5 ± 0.06 and 8.5 ± 0.21 g/kg of metabolic weight, respectively. It was concluded that these findings are critical for milk sampling protocols, offspring growth strategies, product development and precision livestock management.
摘要：
这项研究是在90只放牧的头发上进行的，高山×头发F1（AHF1），和Saanen×HairF1（SHF1）杂交山羊在科尼亚金牛座山脉周围的三个农场中，蒂尔基耶.这项研究调查了牛奶产量的变化，牛奶馏分的物理化学特性(前牛奶，后奶和总牛奶)，和生长特征。基因型,奇偶校验，后代性别，出生类型,羊群因子对产奶量和乳组分品质性状有显著影响(P<0.05～P<0.01)。男性/单身后代产奶量少吗，但营养密度较高(P<0.05)。乳汁为272％，31%和61%的人富含脂肪，总固体和能量含量比前乳，分别(P<0.001)。然而,蛋白质,后乳的乳糖和固体非脂含量比前乳平均低7％（P<0.001）。前乳的理化品质性状，后奶和总奶与日产奶量呈显著负相关(P<0.05~P<0.001)。孩子的活体重和平均每日增重(ADG)受产妇平价的影响，羊群,子代性别和出生类型(P<0.05)。从出生到2个月的整体Kleiber比率（KR），出生到3个月，出生至6个月和3至6个月的代谢体重分别为21.0±0.22、17.1±0.11、10.5±0.06和8.5±0.21g/kg，分别。结论是，这些发现对牛奶取样方案至关重要，后代生长策略，产品开发和精准牲畜管理。
