Abstract：
With the emergence of highly transmissible variants of concern, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) still poses a global threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resurgence. Cellular responses to novel variants are more robustly maintained than humoral responses, and therefore, cellular responses are of interest in assessing immune protection against severe disease in the population. We aimed to assess cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. IFNγ (interferon γ) responses to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed using an ELISpot assay in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses: Ig (IgM and/or IgG) seronegative (n = 90) and seropositive (n = 181) with low (<300 U/mL) or high (≥300 U/mL) humoral responses to the spike receptor binding domain (anti-S-RBD). Among the seropositive participants, 71.3% (129/181) were IFNγ ELISpot positive, compared to 15.6% (14/90) among the seronegative participants. Common COVID-19 symptoms such as fever and ageusia were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seropositive participants, whereas no participant characteristics were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seronegative participants. Fever and/or dyspnea and anti-S-RBD levels were associated with higher IFNγ responses. Symptoms of more severe disease and higher anti-S-RBD responses were associated with higher IFNγ responses. A significant proportion (15.6%) of seronegative participants had a positive IFNγ ELISpot. Assessment of cellular responses may improve estimates of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the general population.
OBJECTIVE: Data on adaptive cellular immunity are of interest to define immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a population, which is important for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. This study provides data on associations between participant characteristics and cellular immune responses in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses.
OBJECTIVE: Data on adaptive cellular immunity are of interest to define immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a population, which is important for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. This study provides data on associations between participant characteristics and cellular immune responses in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses.
摘要：
随着高度传播性变体的出现，严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）仍然构成2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）死灰复燃的全球威胁。对新变体的细胞反应比体液反应更稳定。因此,细胞反应在评估人群中针对严重疾病的免疫保护方面很有意义.我们的目的是在人群水平上评估细胞对SARS-CoV-2的反应。IFNγ（干扰素γ）对野生型SARS-CoV-2的反应使用ELISpot测定法在未接种疫苗的个体中进行分析，这些个体具有不同的体液反应：Ig（IgM和/或IgG）血清阴性（n=90）和血清阳性（n=181），对刺突受体结合域（抗S-RBD）具有低（<300U/mL）或高（≥300U/mL）的体液反应。在血清反应阳性的参与者中，71.3%(129/181)的IFNγELISpot阳性，血清阴性参与者的比例为15.6%(14/90)。常见的COVID-19症状，如发热和迟钝，与血清阳性参与者的IFNγELISpot阳性相关，而血清阴性参与者中没有参与者特征与IFNγELISpot阳性相关。发热和/或呼吸困难和抗S-RBD水平与较高的IFNγ反应相关。更严重的疾病和更高的抗S-RBD应答的症状与更高的IFNγ应答相关。显着比例（15.6％）的血清阴性参与者的IFNγELISpot阳性。细胞反应的评估可以改善一般人群中对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应的估计。
目的：关于适应性细胞免疫的数据对于定义人群中针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的免疫保护非常重要，这对加强疫苗接种策略的决策很重要。这项研究提供了有关参与者特征与具有不同体液反应的未接种疫苗个体的细胞免疫反应之间关联的数据。
目的：关于适应性细胞免疫的数据对于定义人群中针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的免疫保护非常重要，这对加强疫苗接种策略的决策很重要。这项研究提供了有关参与者特征与具有不同体液反应的未接种疫苗个体的细胞免疫反应之间关联的数据。
