Abstract：
A 76-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to investigate nutritional epidemiology in urban residents in Japan. The authors prepared two food models-a life-size three-dimensional model and a life-size two-dimensional photograph-to assess the FFQ portion size. The validity of the FFQ was verified using the two food models by comparing them with 16-d weighted dietary records (WDRs). Validation was conducted by comparing the FFQ1 findings with those obtained with the WDR, which is regarded as the gold standard, and reproducibility was verified by comparing the findings from FFQ2 and FFQ1. After completion of the WDR, the participants were randomized into two groups. In one group, the FFQ was conducted using life-size three-dimensional models (3D-FFQ) to estimate the portion size. In the other group, the FFQ was administered using life-size photo collection (2D-FFQ). Regarding validity, the median values (range) of Pearson\'s correlation coefficients for the energy and nutrient intake of the 32 items by the WDR and FFQ1 were r=0.53 (0.30-0.68) in the 3D-FFQ and r=0.57 (0.33-0.87) in the 2D-FFQ. When FFQs with 2D or 3D food models and two different portion sizes were compared with regard to the intake of certain food groups, energy, and nutrients, both the 2D-FFQ and 3D-FFQ provided good correlation coefficients with the WDR.
摘要：
开发了76项食物频率问卷（FFQ），以调查日本城市居民的营养流行病学。作者准备了两个食物模型-真人大小的三维模型和真人大小的二维照片-以评估FFQ部分的大小。通过将两种食物模型与16d加权饮食记录（WDR）进行比较，验证了FFQ的有效性。通过比较FFQ1的结果与WDR获得的结果进行验证，被视为黄金标准，通过比较FFQ2和FFQ1的结果验证了可重复性。WDR完成后，参与者被随机分为两组.在一组中,使用真人大小的三维模型(3D-FFQ)进行FFQ以估计部分大小.在另一组中，FFQ使用真人大小的照片收集(2D-FFQ).关于有效性，在3D-FFQ中，WDR和FFQ1对32个项目的能量和营养素摄入量的Pearson相关系数的中值（范围）为r=0.53（0.30-0.68），在2D-FFQ中r=0.57（0.33-0.87）。当使用2D或3D食物模型和两种不同份量的FFQ与某些食物组的摄入量进行比较时，能源,和营养，2D-FFQ和3D-FFQ都提供了与WDR的良好相关系数。
