PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The present study examined early socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood disadvantage (ND) as independent predictors of antisocial behavior (ASB) and addressed the etiology of the associations (i.e., genes versus the environment) using a longitudinal adoption design. Prospective data from the Colorado Adoption Project (435 adoptees, 598 nonadopted children, 526 biological grandparents of adoptees, 481 adoptive parents, and 617 nonadoptive parents including biological parents of unrelated siblings of adoptees) were examined. SES and ND were assessed during infancy and ASB was evaluated from ages four through 16 using parent and teacher report. Associations between predictors and ASB were compared across adoptive and nonadoptive families and sex. Early SES was a nominally significant, independent predictor of antisocial ASB, such that lower SES predicted higher levels of ASB in nonadoptive families only. ND was not associated with ASB. Associations were consistent across aggression and delinquency, and neither SES nor ND was associated with change in ASB over time. Nominally significant associations did not remain significant after controlling for multiple testing. As such, despite nonsignificant differences in associations across sex or adoptive status, we were unable to make definitive conclusions regarding the genetic versus environmental etiology of or sex differences in the influence of SES and ND on ASB. Despite inconclusive findings, in nonadoptees, results were consistent-in effect size and direction-with previous studies in the literature indicating that lower SES is associated with increased risk for ASB.
摘要：
本研究将早期社会经济地位（SES）和邻里劣势（ND）作为反社会行为（ASB）的独立预测因子，并探讨了这些关联的病因（即，基因与环境)使用纵向采用设计。来自科罗拉多州收养项目的前瞻性数据(435名被收养者，598名非收养儿童，526个被收养者的亲生祖父母，481个养父母,并检查了617名非收养父母，包括被收养者无关兄弟姐妹的亲生父母）。SES和ND在婴儿期进行了评估，ASB从4岁到16岁使用父母和老师的报告进行了评估。比较了收养和非收养家庭和性别之间预测因子与ASB之间的关联。早期的SES是一个名义上重要的，反社会ASB的独立预测因子，因此，较低的SES仅在非收养家庭中预测较高的ASB水平。ND与ASB无关。在侵略和犯罪方面，协会是一致的，SES和ND都不与ASB随时间的变化有关。在控制多次测试后，名义上显著的关联没有保持显著。因此，尽管性别或收养身份之间的关联没有显着差异，我们无法就SES和ND对ASB的影响的遗传与环境病因或性别差异做出明确的结论。尽管没有定论的发现,在非收养者中，结果在效应大小和方向上与文献中先前的研究一致,这些研究表明较低的SES与ASB风险增加相关.
