Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: There is a growing need to comprehend the potential outcomes of nanoparticles (NPs) on human well-being, including their potential for detecting and treating leukemia. This study examined the role of iron folate core-shell and iron oxide nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis and altering the expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 genes in leukemia cells.
METHODS: The obtained iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, FTIR and UV-Vis were used to characterize doxorubicin. The MTT test was utilized to investigate the cytotoxicity of iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles. The expression of the apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 was evaluated using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Additionally, flow cytometry was performed to gauge the degrees of necrosis and apoptosis.
RESULTS: UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis showed that the generated iron oxide and iron folate core-shell NPs had a distinctive absorption curve in the 250-300 nm wavelength range. The XRD peaks were also discovered to index the spherical form with a size of less than 50 nm, which validated the crystal structure. The FTIR analysis determined the bonds and functional groups at wavenumbers between 400 and 4000 cm-1. A viable leukemia treatment approach is a nanocomposite consisting of iron and an iron folate core-shell necessary for inhibiting and activating cancer cell death. The nearly resistant apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM cells may have resulted from upregulating Bax and Casepase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study documents the successful synthetization and characterization of iron oxide, which has excellent anticancer activities. A metal oxide conjugation with the nanoparticles\' core-shell enhanced the effect against acute leukemia.
METHODS: The obtained iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, FTIR and UV-Vis were used to characterize doxorubicin. The MTT test was utilized to investigate the cytotoxicity of iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles. The expression of the apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 was evaluated using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Additionally, flow cytometry was performed to gauge the degrees of necrosis and apoptosis.
RESULTS: UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis showed that the generated iron oxide and iron folate core-shell NPs had a distinctive absorption curve in the 250-300 nm wavelength range. The XRD peaks were also discovered to index the spherical form with a size of less than 50 nm, which validated the crystal structure. The FTIR analysis determined the bonds and functional groups at wavenumbers between 400 and 4000 cm-1. A viable leukemia treatment approach is a nanocomposite consisting of iron and an iron folate core-shell necessary for inhibiting and activating cancer cell death. The nearly resistant apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM cells may have resulted from upregulating Bax and Casepase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study documents the successful synthetization and characterization of iron oxide, which has excellent anticancer activities. A metal oxide conjugation with the nanoparticles\' core-shell enhanced the effect against acute leukemia.
摘要：
目的：人们越来越需要了解纳米粒子（NPs）对人类福祉的潜在影响，包括它们检测和治疗白血病的潜力。这项研究检查了叶酸铁核壳和氧化铁纳米颗粒在诱导细胞凋亡和改变B细胞淋巴瘤2（Bcl-2）表达中的作用。Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax），以及白血病细胞中的Caspase-3基因。
方法：使用多种分析技术对获得的氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳纳米颗粒进行了分析，包括紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱，傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD)动态光散射(DLS),zeta电位,和透射电子显微镜（TEM）。此外,使用FTIR和UV-Vis表征阿霉素。利用MTT测试来研究氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳纳米颗粒的细胞毒性。凋亡信号蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、使用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）方法评估Caspase-3。此外,进行流式细胞术以测量坏死和凋亡的程度。
结果：紫外可见光谱分析表明，生成的氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳NP在250-300nm波长范围内具有独特的吸收曲线。还发现XRD峰指示尺寸小于50nm的球形形式,这验证了晶体结构。FTIR分析确定了在400和4000cm-1之间的波数处的键和官能团。可行的白血病治疗方法是由铁和叶酸铁核-壳组成的纳米复合材料，这是抑制和激活癌细胞死亡所必需的。CCRF-CEM细胞中几乎具有抗性的凋亡可能是由于上调Bax和Casepase-3而下调Bcl-2表达所致。
结论：我们的研究记录了氧化铁的成功合成和表征，具有优异的抗癌活性。金属氧化物与纳米粒子的核壳结合增强了对急性白血病的作用。
方法：使用多种分析技术对获得的氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳纳米颗粒进行了分析，包括紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱，傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD)动态光散射(DLS),zeta电位,和透射电子显微镜（TEM）。此外,使用FTIR和UV-Vis表征阿霉素。利用MTT测试来研究氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳纳米颗粒的细胞毒性。凋亡信号蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、使用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）方法评估Caspase-3。此外,进行流式细胞术以测量坏死和凋亡的程度。
结果：紫外可见光谱分析表明，生成的氧化铁和叶酸铁核壳NP在250-300nm波长范围内具有独特的吸收曲线。还发现XRD峰指示尺寸小于50nm的球形形式,这验证了晶体结构。FTIR分析确定了在400和4000cm-1之间的波数处的键和官能团。可行的白血病治疗方法是由铁和叶酸铁核-壳组成的纳米复合材料，这是抑制和激活癌细胞死亡所必需的。CCRF-CEM细胞中几乎具有抗性的凋亡可能是由于上调Bax和Casepase-3而下调Bcl-2表达所致。
结论：我们的研究记录了氧化铁的成功合成和表征，具有优异的抗癌活性。金属氧化物与纳米粒子的核壳结合增强了对急性白血病的作用。
