{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Assessment of the in Vitro Effects of Folate Core-Shell Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Agent for Acute Leukemia Treatment.
{Author}: Nasr GM;Thawabieh OM;Talaat RM;Moawad M;El Hamshary MO;
{Journal}: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
{Volume}: 29
{Issue}: 4
{Year}: 2024 Apr 23
{Factor}: 3.115
{DOI}: 10.31083/j.fbl2904162
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>There is a growing need to comprehend the potential outcomes of nanoparticles (NPs) on human well-being, including their potential for detecting and treating leukemia. This study examined the role of iron folate core-shell and iron oxide nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis and altering the expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 genes in leukemia cells.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>The obtained iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, FTIR and UV-Vis were used to characterize doxorubicin. The MTT test was utilized to investigate the cytotoxicity of iron oxide and iron folate core-shell nanoparticles. The expression of the apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 was evaluated using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Additionally, flow cytometry was performed to gauge the degrees of necrosis and apoptosis.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis showed that the generated iron oxide and iron folate core-shell NPs had a distinctive absorption curve in the 250-300 nm wavelength range. The XRD peaks were also discovered to index the spherical form with a size of less than 50 nm, which validated the crystal structure. The FTIR analysis determined the bonds and functional groups at wavenumbers between 400 and 4000 cm-1. A viable leukemia treatment approach is a nanocomposite consisting of iron and an iron folate core-shell necessary for inhibiting and activating cancer cell death. The nearly resistant apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM cells may have resulted from upregulating Bax and Casepase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Our study documents the successful synthetization and characterization of iron oxide, which has excellent anticancer activities. A metal oxide conjugation with the nanoparticles' core-shell enhanced the effect against acute leukemia.