Abstract：
Nasal obstruction is the subjective perception and objective state of insufficient airflow through the nose. Nasal congestion, conversely, describes a state of not just inadequate airflow or obstructive phenomena but also pressure- and mucus-related states to the patient. Nasal receptors belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein family mediate the sense of nasal patency via the trigeminal nerve. The transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) responds to temperatures around 8°C to 22°C, and is stimulated by menthol and other cooling agents. The radiant effects of airflow create heat loss to activate these receptors and humans perceive this as nasal patency rather than the direct detection of airflow. The thermovascular state of the mucosa, in conditions such as rhinitis, influence TRPM8 activation. Nasal endoscopy can show signs of rhinitis and should be considered an essential part of the workup of nasal congestion. Efforts to relieve nasal congestion need to manage the mucosal state and surgery needs to ensures that the nasal cavity mucosa is exposed to the cooling effects of airflow rather than simply creating a passage to the nasopharynx.
摘要：
鼻塞是通过鼻子的气流不足的主观感知和客观状态。鼻塞,另一方面,不仅描述了气流不足或阻塞现象的状态，还描述了与患者有关的压力和粘液状态。属于瞬时受体电位（TRP）蛋白家族的鼻受体通过三叉神经介导鼻腔通畅感。TRPM8响应8-22°C左右的温度，并受到薄荷醇和其他冷却剂的刺激。气流的辐射效应产生热量损失以激活这些受体，人类将其视为鼻腔通畅而不是直接检测气流。粘膜的热血管状态，在鼻炎等条件下，影响TRPM8的激活。鼻内窥镜检查可以显示鼻炎的迹象，应被视为鼻塞检查的重要组成部分。缓解鼻充血的努力需要管理粘膜状态,并且手术需要确保鼻腔粘膜暴露于气流的冷却效果,而不是简单地形成通向鼻咽的通道。
