PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Gene duplication is a major force driving evolutionary innovation. A classic example is generating new animal toxins via duplication of physiological protein-encoding genes and recruitment into venom. While this process drives the innovation of many animal venoms, reverse recruitment of toxins into nonvenomous cells remains unresolved. Using comparative genomics, we find members of the Membrane Attack Complex and Perforin Family (MAC) have been recruited into venom-injecting cells (cnidocytes), in soft and stony corals and sea anemones, suggesting that the ancestral MAC was a cnidocyte expressed toxin. Further investigation into the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis reveals that three members have undergone Nematostella-specific duplications leading to their reverse recruitment into endomesodermal cells. Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of all three endomesodermally expressed MACs leads to mis-development, supporting that these paralogs have nonvenomous function. By resolving the evolutionary history and function of MACs in Nematostella, we provide the first proof for reverse recruitment from venom to organismal development.
摘要：
基因复制是推动进化创新的主要力量。一个典型的例子是通过复制生理蛋白质编码基因并募集到毒液中来产生新的动物毒素。虽然这个过程推动了许多动物毒液的创新，毒素向无毒细胞的反向募集仍未解决。使用比较基因组学，我们发现膜攻击复合体和穿孔素家族（MAC）的成员已被招募到注射毒液的细胞（CNidcytes）中，在柔软多石的珊瑚和海葵中，表明祖先MAC是一种表达毒素的细胞。进一步研究海葵Nematostellavectensis模型，揭示了三名成员经历了Nematostella特异性复制，导致他们反向募集到内中胚层细胞。此外，同时敲除所有三种内胚层表达的MAC导致发育错误，支持这些旁系同源物具有无毒功能。通过解析线虫MACs的进化历史和功能，我们为从毒液到有机体发展的反向招募提供了第一个证据。
