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Abstract：
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer to be diagnosed, and it has a substantial mortality rate. Despite numerous studies being conducted on CRC, it remains a significant health concern. The disease-free survival rates notably decrease as CRC progresses, emphasizing the urgency for effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. CRC development is caused by environmental factors, which mostly lead to the disruption of signaling pathways. Among these pathways, the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway are considered to be important. These signaling pathways are also regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). They have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression in CRC by changing their expression levels. The altered expression patterns of these ncRNAs have been implicated in CRC progression and development, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of the five key signaling pathways and regulation of ncRNAs involved in CRC pathogenesis that are studied to identify promising avenues for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
摘要：
结直肠癌（CRC）是被诊断的第三大最普遍的癌症，而且死亡率很高.尽管对CRC进行了大量研究，它仍然是一个重大的健康问题。随着CRC进展，无病生存率显著降低，强调有效诊断和治疗方法的紧迫性。CRC的发展是由环境因素引起的，这主要导致信号通路的中断。在这些途径中，无翼/整合（Wnt）信号通路，磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)信号通路,丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)信号通路,和p53信号通路被认为是重要的。这些信号通路也受到非编码RNA（ncRNAs）的调节，包括microRNAs（miRNAs），长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），和环状RNAs(circRNAs)。通过改变其表达水平，它们已成为CRC中基因表达的关键调节剂。这些ncRNAs的表达模式改变与CRC的进展和发展有关。表明它们作为诊断和治疗靶点的潜力。这篇综述概述了CRC发病机制中涉及的五个关键信号通路和ncRNAs的调控，这些通路被研究以确定诊断和治疗策略的有希望的途径。
