PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has struck globally. Whether the related proteins of retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway are causally associated with the risk of COVID-19 remains unestablished. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the associations of retinol, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) with COVID-19 in European population.
METHODS: The outcome utilized the summary statistics of COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The exposure data were obtained from public genome wide association study (GWAS) database. We extracted SNPs from exposure data and outcome data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and Wald ratio methods were employed to assess the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the validity of the results.
RESULTS: The MR estimates showed that retinol was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using IVW (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.90, P: 0.0065), whereas the associations between retinol and COVID-19 hospitalization or severity were not significant. RBP4 was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using the Wald ratio (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95, P: 0.0072). IVW analysis showed RDH16 was associated with increased COVID-19 hospitalization (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, P: 0.0199). CRABP1 was association with lower COVID-19 susceptibility (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, P: 0.0290) using the IVW.
CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of possible causal association of retinol, RBP4, RDH16 and CRABP1 with the susceptibility, hospitalization and severity of COVID-19. Our study defines that retinol is significantly associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility, which provides a reference for the prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin A supplementation.
METHODS: The outcome utilized the summary statistics of COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The exposure data were obtained from public genome wide association study (GWAS) database. We extracted SNPs from exposure data and outcome data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and Wald ratio methods were employed to assess the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the validity of the results.
RESULTS: The MR estimates showed that retinol was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using IVW (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.90, P: 0.0065), whereas the associations between retinol and COVID-19 hospitalization or severity were not significant. RBP4 was associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility using the Wald ratio (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95, P: 0.0072). IVW analysis showed RDH16 was associated with increased COVID-19 hospitalization (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, P: 0.0199). CRABP1 was association with lower COVID-19 susceptibility (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, P: 0.0290) using the IVW.
CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of possible causal association of retinol, RBP4, RDH16 and CRABP1 with the susceptibility, hospitalization and severity of COVID-19. Our study defines that retinol is significantly associated with lower COVID-19 susceptibility, which provides a reference for the prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin A supplementation.
摘要：
背景：2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行已在全球范围内蔓延。视黄酸（RA）信号通路的相关蛋白是否与COVID-19的风险有因果关系，尚不清楚。我们进行了两个样本孟德尔随机化（MR）研究，以评估视黄醇，视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4），视黄醇脱氢酶16（RDH16）和细胞视黄酸结合蛋白1（CRABP1）与COVID-19在欧洲人群中的作用。
方法：结果利用了来自COVID-19宿主遗传学倡议的COVID-19的汇总统计数据。暴露数据来自公共全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据库。我们从暴露数据和结果数据中提取SNP。逆方差加权(IVW)，使用MR-Egger和Wald比率方法来评估暴露与结果之间的因果关系。进行敏感性分析以确保结果的有效性。
结果：MR估计显示，使用IVW时，视黄醇与较低的COVID-19易感性相关（OR：0.69，95％CI：0.53-0.90，P：0.0065），而视黄醇与COVID-19住院或严重程度之间的关联并不显著.根据Wald比率，RBP4与较低的COVID-19易感性相关(OR：0.83，95%CI：0.72-0.95，P：0.0072)。IVW分析显示，RDH16与COVID-19住院率增加相关（OR：1.10，95%CI：1.01~1.18，P：0.0199）。使用IVW，CRABP1与较低的COVID-19易感性相关(OR：0.95，95%CI：0.91-0.99，P：0.0290)。
结论：我们发现了视黄醇可能存在因果关系的证据，RBP4、RDH16和CRABP1具有易感性，COVID-19的住院和严重程度。我们的研究表明，视黄醇与较低的COVID-19易感性显著相关，为补充维生素A预防COVID-19提供参考。
方法：结果利用了来自COVID-19宿主遗传学倡议的COVID-19的汇总统计数据。暴露数据来自公共全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据库。我们从暴露数据和结果数据中提取SNP。逆方差加权(IVW)，使用MR-Egger和Wald比率方法来评估暴露与结果之间的因果关系。进行敏感性分析以确保结果的有效性。
结果：MR估计显示，使用IVW时，视黄醇与较低的COVID-19易感性相关（OR：0.69，95％CI：0.53-0.90，P：0.0065），而视黄醇与COVID-19住院或严重程度之间的关联并不显著.根据Wald比率，RBP4与较低的COVID-19易感性相关(OR：0.83，95%CI：0.72-0.95，P：0.0072)。IVW分析显示，RDH16与COVID-19住院率增加相关（OR：1.10，95%CI：1.01~1.18，P：0.0199）。使用IVW，CRABP1与较低的COVID-19易感性相关(OR：0.95，95%CI：0.91-0.99，P：0.0290)。
结论：我们发现了视黄醇可能存在因果关系的证据，RBP4、RDH16和CRABP1具有易感性，COVID-19的住院和严重程度。我们的研究表明，视黄醇与较低的COVID-19易感性显著相关，为补充维生素A预防COVID-19提供参考。
