Abstract：
I analyzed all the theories and models of the origin of the genetic code, and over the years, I have considered the main suggestions that could explain this origin. The conclusion of this analysis is that the coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code is the theory that best captures the majority of observations concerning the organization of the genetic code. In other words, the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids would have heavily influenced the origin of the organization of the genetic code, as supported by the coevolution theory. Instead, the presence in the genetic code of physicochemical properties of amino acids, which have also been linked to the physicochemical properties of anticodons or codons or bases by stereochemical and physicochemical theories, would simply be the result of natural selection. More explicitly, I maintain that these correlations between codons, anticodons or bases and amino acids are in fact the result not of a real correlation between amino acids and codons, for example, but are only the effect of the intervention of natural selection. Specifically, in the genetic code table we expect, for example, that the most similar codons - that is, those that differ by only one base - will have more similar physicochemical properties. Therefore, the 64 codons of the genetic code table ordered in a certain way would also represent an ordering of some of their physicochemical properties. Now, a study aimed at clarifying which physicochemical property of amino acids has influenced the allocation of amino acids in the genetic code has established that the partition energy of amino acids has played a role decisive in this. Indeed, under some conditions, the genetic code was found to be approximately 98% optimized on its columns. In this same work, it was shown that this was most likely the result of the action of natural selection. If natural selection had truly allocated the amino acids in the genetic code in such a way that similar amino acids also have similar codons - this, not through a mechanism of physicochemical interaction between, for example, codons and amino acids - then it might turn out that even different physicochemical properties of codons (or anticodons or bases) show some correlation with the physicochemical properties of amino acids, simply because the partition energy of amino acids is correlated with other physicochemical properties of amino acids. It is very likely that this would inevitably lead to a correlation between codons (or anticodons or bases) and amino acids. In other words, since the codons (anticodons or bases) are ordered in the genetic code, that is to say, some of their physicochemical properties should also be ordered by a similar order, and given that the amino acids would also appear to have been ordered in the genetic code by selection natural, then it should inevitably turn out that there is a correlation between, for example, the hydrophobicity of anticodons and that of amino acids. Instead, the intervention of natural selection in organizing the genetic code would appear to be highly compatible with the main mechanism of structuring the genetic code as supported by the coevolution theory. This would make the coevolution theory the only plausible explanation for the origin of the genetic code.
摘要：
我分析了遗传密码起源的所有理论和模型，多年来，我已经考虑了可以解释这个起源的主要建议。该分析的结论是，遗传密码起源的共同进化理论是最能捕获有关遗传密码组织的大多数观察结果的理论。换句话说,氨基酸之间的生物合成关系将严重影响遗传密码组织的起源，得到协同进化理论的支持。相反，氨基酸的理化性质的遗传密码的存在，通过立体化学和物理化学理论，它们也与反密码子或密码子或碱基的物理化学性质有关，只是自然选择的结果。更明确地说,我坚持认为密码子之间的这些相关性，反密码子或碱基和氨基酸实际上不是氨基酸和密码子之间真正相关的结果，例如,但只是自然选择的干预作用。具体来说,在我们期望的遗传密码表中，例如,最相似的密码子-也就是说，那些只有一个碱基不同的-将具有更相似的物理化学性质。因此,以某种方式排序的遗传密码表的64个密码子也代表了它们的一些物理化学性质的排序。现在,一项旨在阐明氨基酸的哪种理化性质影响了氨基酸在遗传密码中的分配的研究表明，氨基酸的分配能在其中起了决定性作用。的确,在某些条件下,发现遗传密码在其列上优化了约98％。在同样的工作中，研究表明，这很可能是自然选择作用的结果。如果自然选择确实以相似的氨基酸也具有相似的密码子的方式分配了遗传密码中的氨基酸-这，不是通过物理化学相互作用的机制，例如,密码子和氨基酸-然后可能会发现，即使密码子（或反密码子或碱基）的不同理化性质也与氨基酸的理化性质有关，仅仅是因为氨基酸的分配能与氨基酸的其他理化性质相关。很可能这将不可避免地导致密码子(或反密码子或碱基)与氨基酸之间的相关性。换句话说,由于密码子（反密码子或碱基）在遗传密码中是有序的，也就是说,它们的一些物理化学性质也应该按照类似的顺序排序，考虑到氨基酸似乎也是通过自然选择在遗传密码中排序的，那么必然会发现,例如,反密码子和氨基酸的疏水性。相反，自然选择在组织遗传密码中的干预似乎与协同进化理论支持的构建遗传密码的主要机制高度兼容。这将使共同进化理论成为遗传密码起源的唯一合理解释。
