Abstract：
Pediatric sleep-related breathing disorders, or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), cover a range of conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia disorder. Pediatric SDB is often underdiagnosed, potentially due to difficulties associated with performing the gold standard polysomnography in children. This scoping review aims to: (1) provide an overview of the studies reporting on safe, noncontact monitoring of respiration in young children, (2) describe the accuracy of these techniques, and (3) highlight their respective advantages and limitations. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies researching techniques in children <12 years old. Both quantitative data and the quality of the studies were analyzed. The evaluation of study quality was conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool. A total of 19 studies were included. Techniques could be grouped into bed-based methods, microwave radar, video, infrared (IR) cameras, and garment-embedded sensors. Most studies either measured respiratory rate (RR) or detected apneas; n = 2 aimed to do both. At present, bed-based approaches are at the forefront of research in noncontact RR monitoring in children, boasting the most sophisticated algorithms in this field. Yet, despite extensive studies, there remains no consensus on a definitive method that outperforms the rest. The accuracies reported by these studies tend to cluster within a similar range, indicating that no single technique has emerged as markedly superior. Notably, all identified methods demonstrate capability in detecting body movements and RR, with reported safety for use in children across the board. Further research into contactless alternatives should focus on cost-effectiveness, ease-of-use, and widespread availability.
摘要：
小儿睡眠相关呼吸障碍,或睡眠呼吸紊乱（SDB），涵盖一系列条件，包括阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停,中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停,睡眠相关的低通气障碍，和睡眠相关的低氧血症。儿科SDB经常被诊断不足，可能是由于在儿童中执行金标准多导睡眠图相关的困难。本范围审查旨在：(1)概述报告安全、非接触监测幼儿的呼吸，(2)描述这些技术的准确性，(3)突出各自的优点和局限性。对PubMed和EMBASE进行了搜索，以研究12岁以下儿童的技术。分析了定量数据和研究质量。使用QUADAS-2工具进行研究质量评估。共纳入19项研究。技术可以分为基于床的方法，微波雷达,视频,红外（IR）摄像机，和服装嵌入式传感器。大多数研究要么测量呼吸频率（RR），要么检测到呼吸暂停；n=2旨在做到这两者。目前,基于床的方法是儿童非接触式RR监测研究的前沿，拥有这个领域最复杂的算法。然而，尽管进行了广泛的研究，对于优于其他方法的确定方法，仍未达成共识。这些研究报告的准确性倾向于在相似的范围内聚集，这表明没有一种技术表现出明显的优越性。值得注意的是,所有确定的方法都展示了检测身体运动和RR的能力，据报道，在儿童中使用的安全性。对非接触式替代品的进一步研究应侧重于成本效益，易用性,和广泛的可用性。
