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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In people, obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associated with systemic hypertension, cardiac remodelling and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Weight reduction can reverse myocardial remodelling and reduce risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease. In cats, far less is known regarding the effects of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiovascular morphology and function. This prospective study aimed to assess cardiac morphology and function, heart rate variability, cardiac biomarkers and body composition before and after controlled weight reduction in cats with obesity. Body composition analysis (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and cardiovascular assessment (echocardiography, systemic arterial systolic blood pressure, electrocardiography, plasma cardiac biomarkers) were performed prior to weight management in twenty cats with obesity. These investigations were repeated in eleven cats that reached target weight.
RESULTS: At baseline, systemic hypertension was not documented, but the majority of cats with obesity (15 out of 19) showed echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Eleven of 20 cats had increased maximal end-diastolic septal or left ventricular free wall thickness (≥ 6.0 mm) at baseline. Median (interquartile range) percentage of weight lost in the cats reaching target weight was 26% (17-29%), with a median reduction in body fat mass of 45% (26-64%). Both the end-diastolic left ventricular free wall (median magnitude of change -0.85 mm, IQR -0.05 mm to -1.55 mm, P = 0.019; median percentage reduction 14.0%) and end-diastolic interventricular septum (median magnitude of change -0.5 mm, IQR -0.2 mm to -1.225 mm, P = 0.047; median percentage reduction 7.9%) thickness decreased after weight reduction. Following weight reduction, pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular free wall was consistent with improved diastolic function in 4 out of 8 cats, however there was no significant difference in overall diastolic function class. Further, there was no change in heart rate variability or cardiac biomarkers with weight reduction.
CONCLUSIONS: An increase in left ventricular wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction were common echocardiographic features in cats with obesity within our study and may be reversible with successful weight and fat mass loss. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.
RESULTS: At baseline, systemic hypertension was not documented, but the majority of cats with obesity (15 out of 19) showed echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Eleven of 20 cats had increased maximal end-diastolic septal or left ventricular free wall thickness (≥ 6.0 mm) at baseline. Median (interquartile range) percentage of weight lost in the cats reaching target weight was 26% (17-29%), with a median reduction in body fat mass of 45% (26-64%). Both the end-diastolic left ventricular free wall (median magnitude of change -0.85 mm, IQR -0.05 mm to -1.55 mm, P = 0.019; median percentage reduction 14.0%) and end-diastolic interventricular septum (median magnitude of change -0.5 mm, IQR -0.2 mm to -1.225 mm, P = 0.047; median percentage reduction 7.9%) thickness decreased after weight reduction. Following weight reduction, pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular free wall was consistent with improved diastolic function in 4 out of 8 cats, however there was no significant difference in overall diastolic function class. Further, there was no change in heart rate variability or cardiac biomarkers with weight reduction.
CONCLUSIONS: An increase in left ventricular wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction were common echocardiographic features in cats with obesity within our study and may be reversible with successful weight and fat mass loss. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.
摘要：
背景：在人们中，肥胖是心血管疾病的危险因素,与全身性高血压有关，心脏重塑和收缩和舒张功能障碍。减轻体重可以逆转心肌重塑并降低随后心血管疾病的风险。在猫中，关于肥胖和随后的体重减轻对心血管形态和功能的影响知之甚少。这项前瞻性研究旨在评估心脏形态和功能，心率变异性,肥胖猫控制体重减轻前后的心脏生物标志物和身体成分。身体成分分析（通过双能X射线吸收法，DEXA)和心血管评估(超声心动图，全身动脉收缩压,心电图,血浆心脏生物标志物）在20只肥胖猫的体重管理之前进行。在11只达到目标体重的猫中重复这些研究。
结果：在基线时，没有系统性高血压的记录，但大多数肥胖猫(19只猫中有15只)显示出心脏舒张功能障碍的超声心动图证据。20只猫中的11只在基线时最大舒张末期间隔或左心室游离壁厚度增加（≥6.0mm）。猫达到目标体重的体重减轻的中位数（四分位数范围）百分比为26％（17-29％），体内脂肪量的中位数减少了45％（26-64％）。两者均为舒张末期左心室游离壁（变化幅度中位数-0.85mm，IQR-0.05mm至-1.55mm,P=0.019；中位数百分比减少14.0％）和舒张末期室间隔（中位数变化幅度-0.5mm，IQR-0.2mm至-1.225mm,P=0.047；重量减轻后，中位数减少7.9%）厚度减少。重量减轻后，8只猫中有4只左心室游离壁的脉冲波组织多普勒成像与舒张功能改善相一致，然而，总体舒张功能分类没有显着差异。Further,心率变异性或心脏生物标志物随体重减轻而无变化.
结论：在我们的研究中，肥胖猫的常见超声心动图特征是左心室壁厚度增加和舒张功能不全，并且可能是可逆的，可以成功减少体重和脂肪量。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些发现的临床后果。
结果：在基线时，没有系统性高血压的记录，但大多数肥胖猫(19只猫中有15只)显示出心脏舒张功能障碍的超声心动图证据。20只猫中的11只在基线时最大舒张末期间隔或左心室游离壁厚度增加（≥6.0mm）。猫达到目标体重的体重减轻的中位数（四分位数范围）百分比为26％（17-29％），体内脂肪量的中位数减少了45％（26-64％）。两者均为舒张末期左心室游离壁（变化幅度中位数-0.85mm，IQR-0.05mm至-1.55mm,P=0.019；中位数百分比减少14.0％）和舒张末期室间隔（中位数变化幅度-0.5mm，IQR-0.2mm至-1.225mm,P=0.047；重量减轻后，中位数减少7.9%）厚度减少。重量减轻后，8只猫中有4只左心室游离壁的脉冲波组织多普勒成像与舒张功能改善相一致，然而，总体舒张功能分类没有显着差异。Further,心率变异性或心脏生物标志物随体重减轻而无变化.
结论：在我们的研究中，肥胖猫的常见超声心动图特征是左心室壁厚度增加和舒张功能不全，并且可能是可逆的，可以成功减少体重和脂肪量。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些发现的临床后果。
