Abstract：
To probe the functions of Aster glehni (AG) extract containing various caffeoylquinic acids on dyslipidemia, obesity, and skeletal muscle-related diseases focused on the roles of skeletal muscle, we measured the levels of biomarkers involved in oxidative phosphorylation and type change of skeletal muscle in C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissues from apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. After AG extract treatment in cell and animal experiments, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate the levels of proteins that participated in skeletal muscle type change and oxidative phosphorylation. AG extract elevated protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), phosphorylated 5\'-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissues. Furthermore, it elevated the ATP concentration. However, protein expression of myostatin was decreased by AG treatment. In C2C12 cells, increments of MyoD, myoglobin, myosin, ATP-producing pathway, and differentiation degree by AG were dependent on PPARβ/δ and caffeoylquinic acids. AG extract can contribute to the amelioration of skeletal muscle inactivity and sarcopenia through myogenesis in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice, and function of AG extract may be dependent on PPARβ/δ, and the main functional constituents of AG are trans-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, in skeletal muscle, AG has potent efficacies against dyslipidemia and obesity through the increase of the type 1 muscle fiber content to produce more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice.
摘要：
探讨含各种咖啡酰奎宁酸的葛根素(AG)提取物对血脂异常的作用,肥胖，和骨骼肌相关的疾病集中在骨骼肌的作用，我们测量了来自载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoEKO)小鼠的C2C12细胞和骨骼肌组织中参与骨骼肌氧化磷酸化和类型改变的生物标志物水平。在细胞和动物实验中进行AG提取物处理后，西方印迹,免疫组织化学，和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）用于评估参与骨骼肌类型变化和氧化磷酸化的蛋白质水平。AG提取物过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1-α(PGC-1α)蛋白表达升高,磷酸化5'-AMP激活的蛋白激酶（p-AMPK），过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β/δ（PPARβ/δ），成肌细胞测定蛋白1（MyoD），和骨骼肌组织中的肌红蛋白。此外，它提高了ATP浓度。然而,肌肉生长抑制素的蛋白表达通过AG处理降低。在C2C12细胞中，MyoD的增量，肌红蛋白,肌球蛋白,ATP产生途径,AG的分化程度取决于PPARβ/δ和咖啡酰奎宁酸。AG提取物可以通过ApoEKO小鼠骨骼肌组织中的肌生成来改善骨骼肌不活动和肌肉减少症，AG提取物的功能可能依赖于PPARβ/δ，AG的主要功能成分是反式-5-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸和3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸。此外,在骨骼肌中，AG通过增加1型肌纤维含量以通过ApoEKO小鼠骨骼肌组织中的氧化磷酸化产生更多的ATP而对血脂异常和肥胖具有有效的功效。
