Abstract：
Rickettsial infections are emerging and/or re-emerging disease that poses a serious global threat to humans and animals. Transmission to humans and animals is through the bite of the ectoparasites including ticks, fleas and chigger mites. Most of the rickettsial diseases are endemic in India, but underdiagnosed. This review is aimed at analyzing the prevalence of rickettsiosis in India and the advancement of rickettsial diagnosis. We have conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of rickettsial disease in India ranging from 1.3% to 46.6% for spotted fever, 2.4% to 77.8% for scrub typhus and 1% to 46.4% for Q fever, based on the literature published with the evidence of isolation, serological, and molecular diagnostics. Search engines Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO were used to retrieve the articles from electronic databases by using appropriate keywords to track the emergence of these rickettsial diseases in India for the period of 1865 to till date. We retrieved 153 published rickettsial articles on hospital-based studies from India that were purely made on the basis of prevalence and the laboratory parameters viz., Weil-Felix test (WF) and Rapid Immunochromatographic tests (RICT) with reference to the gold standard IFA and ELISA. More epidemiological studies are required for epidemic typhus to know the exact prevalence status of this louse-borne rickettsiosis in India. Currently, there is no confirmed specific inflammatory marker for rickettsial diseases. Moreover, serological cross-reactivity is an important aspect, and it should be investigated in endemic areas, there is also a need to include molecular diagnostic techniques for further confirmation in healthcare settings.
摘要：
立克次体感染是对人类和动物构成严重的全球威胁的新出现和/或重新出现的疾病。传播给人类和动物是通过包括壁虱在内的外寄生虫的叮咬，跳蚤和螨虫.大多数立克次体病是印度的地方病，但诊断不足.这篇综述旨在分析印度立克次体病的患病率和立克次体诊断的进展。我们已经对印度立克次体病的患病率进行了系统的评估，范围为斑点热的1.3％至46.6％，斑疹伤寒为2.4％至77.8％，Q热为1％至46.4％，根据发表的带有隔离证据的文献，血清学,和分子诊断。搜索引擎Medline/PubMed,科学直接，ProQuest,和EBSCO被用来通过使用适当的关键字从电子数据库中检索文章，以跟踪1865年到目前为止印度这些立克次体疾病的出现。我们从印度检索了153篇发表的关于医院研究的立克次体文章，这些文章纯粹是根据患病率和实验室参数进行的。,参照金标准IFA和ELISA进行Weil-Felix测试（WF）和快速免疫层析测试（RICT）。需要对流行性斑疹伤寒进行更多的流行病学研究，以了解这种虱子传播的立克次体病在印度的确切流行状况。目前,没有证实立克次体疾病的特异性炎症标志物。此外，血清学交叉反应性是一个重要方面，应该在流行地区进行调查，还需要包括分子诊断技术,以便在医疗机构中进一步确认.
