Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) often suffer from comorbid diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia and, therefore, are susceptible to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, systemic inflammation plays a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis. The creation of atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by endothelial dysfunction driven by elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 among others, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha.
METHODS: This study aimed to assess the risk of HS patients developing CVDs. We performed a large-scale, propensity-matched global retrospective cohort study analyzing the risk of development of CVDs in patients suffering from HS. The analysis included 144,100 HS patients with 144,100 healthy controls (HC). The cohorts were matched regarding demographics and history of diseases relevant to CVDs, e.g., diabetes, obesity, and nicotine dependence. A total of 90 cardiovascular disorders were identified. The identification of cardiovascular disorders was based on ≥1% appearance of the event, based on absolute numbers, in both cohorts.
RESULTS: Before the matching, HS patients displayed a higher frequency in excess weight or obesity (25 vs. 14.4%, respectively), nicotine dependence, and diabetes mellitus, but lower odds of primary hypertension in comparison to healthy controls. A total of 47 CVDs are associated with an increased risk of onset in HS patients. Although the highest hazard ratio (HR; 2.1; 95% CI: 1.95-2.269) was found for unspecified heart failure, the HS cohort was exceptionally predisposed to developing myocardial infarction (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.88-2.27) and an acute embolism and deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity (HR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.74-2.14).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the most extensive study on the association of HS with CVDs. We demonstrated that HS patients are at significantly greater risk of developing various CVDs compared to matched controls, with heart failure being the most common one.
METHODS: This study aimed to assess the risk of HS patients developing CVDs. We performed a large-scale, propensity-matched global retrospective cohort study analyzing the risk of development of CVDs in patients suffering from HS. The analysis included 144,100 HS patients with 144,100 healthy controls (HC). The cohorts were matched regarding demographics and history of diseases relevant to CVDs, e.g., diabetes, obesity, and nicotine dependence. A total of 90 cardiovascular disorders were identified. The identification of cardiovascular disorders was based on ≥1% appearance of the event, based on absolute numbers, in both cohorts.
RESULTS: Before the matching, HS patients displayed a higher frequency in excess weight or obesity (25 vs. 14.4%, respectively), nicotine dependence, and diabetes mellitus, but lower odds of primary hypertension in comparison to healthy controls. A total of 47 CVDs are associated with an increased risk of onset in HS patients. Although the highest hazard ratio (HR; 2.1; 95% CI: 1.95-2.269) was found for unspecified heart failure, the HS cohort was exceptionally predisposed to developing myocardial infarction (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.88-2.27) and an acute embolism and deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity (HR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.74-2.14).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the most extensive study on the association of HS with CVDs. We demonstrated that HS patients are at significantly greater risk of developing various CVDs compared to matched controls, with heart failure being the most common one.
摘要：
背景：化脓性汗腺炎（HS）患者经常患有共病糖尿病，代谢综合征,和高脂血症，因此,容易发生心血管疾病（CVDs）。此外，全身炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用。动脉粥样硬化斑块的产生的特征是由白细胞介素（IL）-1，IL-6和IL-18等浓度升高引起的内皮功能障碍。以及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α。
方法：本研究旨在评估HS患者发生CVD的风险。我们进行了大规模的表演，倾向匹配的全球回顾性队列研究分析了HS患者发生CVD的风险.分析包括144,100名HS患者和144,100名健康对照（HC）。队列在与CVD相关的人口统计学和疾病史方面进行匹配，例如，糖尿病,肥胖，尼古丁依赖。共鉴定出90种心血管疾病。心血管疾病的鉴定是基于≥1%的事件出现，基于绝对数字，在两个队列中。
结果：在匹配之前，HS患者在超重或肥胖中表现出更高的频率(25vs.14.4%,分别)，尼古丁依赖,和糖尿病，但与健康对照组相比，原发性高血压的几率较低。在HS患者中，共有47例CVD与发病风险增加相关。尽管未指明心力衰竭的风险比最高（HR;2.1;95％CI：1.95-2.269），HS队列特别容易发生心肌梗死(HR:2.06;95%CI:1.88~2.27)和下肢急性栓塞和深静脉血栓形成(HR:1.93;95%CI:1.74~2.14).
结论：这是关于HS与CVD相关性的最广泛的研究。我们证明，与匹配的对照组相比，HS患者发生各种CVD的风险明显更高。心力衰竭是最常见的一种.
方法：本研究旨在评估HS患者发生CVD的风险。我们进行了大规模的表演，倾向匹配的全球回顾性队列研究分析了HS患者发生CVD的风险.分析包括144,100名HS患者和144,100名健康对照（HC）。队列在与CVD相关的人口统计学和疾病史方面进行匹配，例如，糖尿病,肥胖，尼古丁依赖。共鉴定出90种心血管疾病。心血管疾病的鉴定是基于≥1%的事件出现，基于绝对数字，在两个队列中。
结果：在匹配之前，HS患者在超重或肥胖中表现出更高的频率(25vs.14.4%,分别)，尼古丁依赖,和糖尿病，但与健康对照组相比，原发性高血压的几率较低。在HS患者中，共有47例CVD与发病风险增加相关。尽管未指明心力衰竭的风险比最高（HR;2.1;95％CI：1.95-2.269），HS队列特别容易发生心肌梗死(HR:2.06;95%CI:1.88~2.27)和下肢急性栓塞和深静脉血栓形成(HR:1.93;95%CI:1.74~2.14).
结论：这是关于HS与CVD相关性的最广泛的研究。我们证明，与匹配的对照组相比，HS患者发生各种CVD的风险明显更高。心力衰竭是最常见的一种.
