Abstract：
Fish health management is critical to aquaculture and fisheries as it directly affects sustainability and productivity. Fish disease diagnosis has taken a massive stride because of advances in immunological and molecular diagnostic tools which provide a sensitive, quick, and accurate means of identifying diseases. This review presents an overview of the main molecular and immunological diagnostic methods for determining the health of fish. The immunological techniques help to diagnose different fish diseases by detecting specific antigens and antibodies. The application of immunological techniques to vaccine development is also examined in this review. The genetic identification of pathogens is made possible by molecular diagnostic techniques that enable the precise identification of bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms in addition to evaluating host reactions and genetic variation associated with resistance to disease. The combination of molecular and immunological methods has resulted in the creation of novel techniques for thorough evaluation of fish health. These developments improve treatment measures, pathogen identification and provide new information about the variables affecting fish health, such as genetic predispositions and environmental stresses. In the framework of sustainable fish farming and fisheries management, this paper focuses on the importance of these diagnostic techniques that play a crucial role in protecting fish populations and the aquatic habitats. This review also examines the present and potential future directions in immunological and molecular diagnostic techniques in fish health.
摘要：
鱼类健康管理对水产养殖和渔业至关重要，因为它直接影响可持续性和生产力。由于免疫学和分子诊断工具的进步，鱼类疾病诊断已经迈出了一大步，快,以及识别疾病的准确手段。这篇综述概述了用于确定鱼类健康的主要分子和免疫学诊断方法。免疫学技术通过检测特定的抗原和抗体来帮助诊断不同的鱼类疾病。本文还研究了免疫学技术在疫苗开发中的应用。通过分子诊断技术使病原体的遗传鉴定成为可能，该技术能够精确鉴定细菌，病毒，和寄生生物，除了评估宿主反应和与疾病抗性相关的遗传变异。分子和免疫学方法的结合导致了对鱼类健康进行全面评估的新技术的创造。这些发展改善了治疗措施，病原体鉴定，并提供有关影响鱼类健康的变量的新信息，如遗传易感性和环境压力。在可持续养鱼和渔业管理的框架内，本文重点介绍了这些诊断技术的重要性，这些技术在保护鱼类种群和水生栖息地方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这篇综述还探讨了鱼类健康中免疫和分子诊断技术的当前和潜在的未来方向。
