PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Birth defects (BDs) are the major causes of infant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Regardless of their clinical importance, few studies on predisposing factors have been conducted in Ethiopia. However, due to a lack of advanced diagnostic materials, we only considered the externally visible BDs.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the determinants of externally visible birth defects among perinatal deaths at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
METHODS: A retrospective unmatched case-control study design was conducted from November 01 to 30, 2021. The sample size was determined by Epi Info version 7 software considering sample size calculation for an unmatched case-control study. A total of 315 participants (63 cases, and 252 controls) were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by an open data kit (ODK) and transported to a statical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 software for analysis. The bivariate followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to determine the factors associated with the BD.
RESULTS: This study showed that drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR = 6.575; 95% CI: 3.102,13.937), lack of antenatal care (ANC) follow-up during pregnancy (AOR = 2.794; 95% CI: 1.333, 5.859), having a history of stillbirth in a previous pregnancy (AOR = 3.967; 95% CI: 1.772, 8.881), exposure to pesticides during pregnancy (AOR = 4.840; 95% CI: 1.375, 17.034), having a history of BDs in a previous pregnancy (AOR = 4.853; 95% CI: 1.492, 15.788), and lack of folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy (AOR = 4.324; 95% CI: 2.062, 9.067) were significant determinants of externally visible BDs among perinatal deaths.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, alcohol use, exposure to pesticides, and lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were identified as the major determinants of externally visible BDs among perinatal deaths. Thus, health education regarding the associated factors of BDs and their preventive strategies should be given to pregnant mothers.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the determinants of externally visible birth defects among perinatal deaths at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
METHODS: A retrospective unmatched case-control study design was conducted from November 01 to 30, 2021. The sample size was determined by Epi Info version 7 software considering sample size calculation for an unmatched case-control study. A total of 315 participants (63 cases, and 252 controls) were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by an open data kit (ODK) and transported to a statical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26 software for analysis. The bivariate followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to determine the factors associated with the BD.
RESULTS: This study showed that drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR = 6.575; 95% CI: 3.102,13.937), lack of antenatal care (ANC) follow-up during pregnancy (AOR = 2.794; 95% CI: 1.333, 5.859), having a history of stillbirth in a previous pregnancy (AOR = 3.967; 95% CI: 1.772, 8.881), exposure to pesticides during pregnancy (AOR = 4.840; 95% CI: 1.375, 17.034), having a history of BDs in a previous pregnancy (AOR = 4.853; 95% CI: 1.492, 15.788), and lack of folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy (AOR = 4.324; 95% CI: 2.062, 9.067) were significant determinants of externally visible BDs among perinatal deaths.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, alcohol use, exposure to pesticides, and lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were identified as the major determinants of externally visible BDs among perinatal deaths. Thus, health education regarding the associated factors of BDs and their preventive strategies should be given to pregnant mothers.
摘要：
背景：出生缺陷（BD）是发达国家和发展中国家婴儿发病和死亡的主要原因。不管它们的临床重要性，在埃塞俄比亚，关于诱发因素的研究很少。然而,由于缺乏先进的诊断材料，我们只考虑了外部可见的BD。
目的：评估阿达玛综合专科医院围产期死亡中外部可见出生缺陷的决定因素。
方法：于2021年11月1日至30日进行了回顾性不匹配的病例对照研究设计。通过EpiInfo版本7软件确定样本量，并考虑无匹配病例对照研究的样本量计算。共有315名参与者(63例，和252个对照)通过简单随机抽样选择。通过开放式数据试剂盒（ODK）收集数据，并将其运送到社会科学（SPSS）26版软件中进行分析。进行双变量，然后进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与BD相关的因素。
结果：这项研究表明，怀孕期间饮酒（AOR=6.575；95％CI：3.102,13.937），孕期缺乏产前保健(ANC)随访(AOR=2.794;95%CI:1.333,5.859),既往妊娠有死胎史(AOR=3.967;95%CI:1.772,8.881),怀孕期间暴露于农药（AOR=4.840；95%CI：1.375，17.034），有既往妊娠的BD病史(AOR=4.853;95%CI:1.492,15.788),妊娠早期缺乏叶酸补充(AOR=4.324;95%CI:2.062,9.067)是围产期死亡中外部可见BD的重要决定因素.
结论：在这项研究中，酒精使用,接触杀虫剂，在围产期死亡中,妊娠期间缺乏补充叶酸被确定为外部可见BD的主要决定因素.因此，应对孕妇进行有关BD相关因素及其预防策略的健康教育。
目的：评估阿达玛综合专科医院围产期死亡中外部可见出生缺陷的决定因素。
方法：于2021年11月1日至30日进行了回顾性不匹配的病例对照研究设计。通过EpiInfo版本7软件确定样本量，并考虑无匹配病例对照研究的样本量计算。共有315名参与者(63例，和252个对照)通过简单随机抽样选择。通过开放式数据试剂盒（ODK）收集数据，并将其运送到社会科学（SPSS）26版软件中进行分析。进行双变量，然后进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与BD相关的因素。
结果：这项研究表明，怀孕期间饮酒（AOR=6.575；95％CI：3.102,13.937），孕期缺乏产前保健(ANC)随访(AOR=2.794;95%CI:1.333,5.859),既往妊娠有死胎史(AOR=3.967;95%CI:1.772,8.881),怀孕期间暴露于农药（AOR=4.840；95%CI：1.375，17.034），有既往妊娠的BD病史(AOR=4.853;95%CI:1.492,15.788),妊娠早期缺乏叶酸补充(AOR=4.324;95%CI:2.062,9.067)是围产期死亡中外部可见BD的重要决定因素.
结论：在这项研究中，酒精使用,接触杀虫剂，在围产期死亡中,妊娠期间缺乏补充叶酸被确定为外部可见BD的主要决定因素.因此，应对孕妇进行有关BD相关因素及其预防策略的健康教育。
