Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that displays a high prevalence in Lebanon causing a local burden in healthcare and socio-economic sectors. Unfortunately, the lack of prevalence studies and clinical trials in Lebanon minimizes the improvement of AD patient health status. In this review, we include over 155 articles to cover the different aspects of AD ranging from mechanisms to possible treatment and management tools. We highlight some important modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of the disease including genetics, age, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, etc. Finally, we propose a hypothetical genetic synergy model between APOE4 and TREM2 genes which constitutes a potential early diagnostic tool that helps in reducing the risk of AD based on preventative measures decades before cognitive decline. The studies on AD in Lebanon and the Middle East are scarce. This review points out the importance of genetic mapping in the understanding of disease pathology which is crucial for the emergence of novel diagnostic tools. Hence, we establish a rigid basis for further research to identify the most influential genetic and environmental risk factors for the purpose of using more specific diagnostic tools and possibly adopting a local management protocol.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，在黎巴嫩表现出很高的患病率，在医疗保健和社会经济部门造成了当地负担。不幸的是,黎巴嫩缺乏患病率研究和临床试验,使得AD患者健康状况的改善最小化.在这次审查中,我们纳入了超过155篇文章,涵盖了AD的不同方面,从机制到可能的治疗和管理工具.我们强调了一些重要的可改变和不可改变的疾病风险因素，包括遗传学，年龄,心血管疾病,吸烟,等。最后,我们提出了一种假设的APOE4和TREM2基因之间的遗传协同作用模型,该模型构成了一种潜在的早期诊断工具,该工具基于认知功能减退前数十年的预防措施,有助于降低AD的风险.黎巴嫩和中东对AD的研究很少。这篇综述指出了遗传作图在理解疾病病理学中的重要性，这对于新型诊断工具的出现至关重要。因此，我们为进一步研究建立了严格的基础,以确定最具影响力的遗传和环境风险因素,以便使用更具体的诊断工具并可能采用本地管理方案.
