Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Bisphenols (BPs) have been shown to exhibit developmental toxicities. Epidemiological evidence on prenatal BPs exposure and infant growth primarily confined scopes to specific BPs and birth outcomes, with few studies focusing on infant growth and reporting inconsistent findings. The joint effect of prenatal exposure to BPs mixture on infant growth was rarely studied.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations of prenatal exposure to individual bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (bisphenol F [BPF], bisphenol S [BPS], bisphenol AF [BPAF], and tetrachlorobisphenol A [TCBPA]) and their mixture with infant growth.
METHODS: Urinary concentrations of BPs in pregnant women were quantified. Weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and circumference measurements of infants were collected at birth, 6 and 12 months of age, rapid growth and overweight were further defined. Multiple linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression models (BKMR) were used to analyze associations of exposure to individual BPs and BPs mixture with infants\' anthropometric measurements, and to identify the important components among mixture. The risks for rapid growth and overweight of each BP were determined using modified Poisson regression models.
RESULTS: A general profile of higher prenatal BPs exposure (mainly BPA, BPF, and BPS) associated with higher anthropometric measurements and higher risks of overweight during infancy was found. We also observed higher risks of rapid growth in infants following prenatal BPs exposure, with risk ratios ranging from 1.46 to 1.91. The joint effect of BPs mixture and single effect of each BP from the BKMR models were consistent with findings from the linear regression models, further suggesting that associations in girls were generally driven by BPA, BPF, or BPS, while in boys mainly by BPF.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to BPs and their mixture could increase anthropometric measurements of offspring during infancy, with implications of altered growth trajectory in future.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations of prenatal exposure to individual bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (bisphenol F [BPF], bisphenol S [BPS], bisphenol AF [BPAF], and tetrachlorobisphenol A [TCBPA]) and their mixture with infant growth.
METHODS: Urinary concentrations of BPs in pregnant women were quantified. Weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and circumference measurements of infants were collected at birth, 6 and 12 months of age, rapid growth and overweight were further defined. Multiple linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression models (BKMR) were used to analyze associations of exposure to individual BPs and BPs mixture with infants\' anthropometric measurements, and to identify the important components among mixture. The risks for rapid growth and overweight of each BP were determined using modified Poisson regression models.
RESULTS: A general profile of higher prenatal BPs exposure (mainly BPA, BPF, and BPS) associated with higher anthropometric measurements and higher risks of overweight during infancy was found. We also observed higher risks of rapid growth in infants following prenatal BPs exposure, with risk ratios ranging from 1.46 to 1.91. The joint effect of BPs mixture and single effect of each BP from the BKMR models were consistent with findings from the linear regression models, further suggesting that associations in girls were generally driven by BPA, BPF, or BPS, while in boys mainly by BPF.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to BPs and their mixture could increase anthropometric measurements of offspring during infancy, with implications of altered growth trajectory in future.
摘要：
背景:已显示双酚(BP)表现出发育毒性。关于产前BPs暴露和婴儿生长的流行病学证据主要局限于特定BPs和出生结局，很少有研究关注婴儿生长和报告不一致的结果。很少研究产前暴露于BP混合物对婴儿生长的联合影响。
目的：本研究检查了产前暴露于个体双酚A（BPA）及其类似物（双酚F[BPF]，双酚S[BPS]，双酚AF[BPAF]，和四氯双酚A[TCBPA]）及其与婴儿生长的混合物。
方法：对孕妇尿中BPs的浓度进行定量。重量,身体质量指数,皮褶厚度,出生时收集婴儿的周长测量值，6个月和12个月的年龄，快速增长和超重被进一步定义。多元线性回归模型和贝叶斯核机回归模型(BKMR)用于分析暴露于个体BP和BP混合物与婴儿人体测量的关联。并确定混合物中的重要成分。使用改进的泊松回归模型确定每种BP的快速增长和超重的风险。
结果：较高的产前BPs暴露的一般概况（主要是BPA，BPF,和BPS）与较高的人体测量值和婴儿期超重风险相关。我们还观察到产前BPs暴露后婴儿快速生长的风险更高，风险比在1.46至1.91之间。BPs混合物的联合效应和来自BKMR模型的每种BP的单一效应与线性回归模型的结果一致。进一步表明女孩的协会通常是由BPA驱动的，BPF,或BPS，而男孩主要由BPF。
结论：产前暴露于BP及其混合物可以增加婴儿期后代的人体测量值，具有未来增长轨迹改变的影响。
目的：本研究检查了产前暴露于个体双酚A（BPA）及其类似物（双酚F[BPF]，双酚S[BPS]，双酚AF[BPAF]，和四氯双酚A[TCBPA]）及其与婴儿生长的混合物。
方法：对孕妇尿中BPs的浓度进行定量。重量,身体质量指数,皮褶厚度,出生时收集婴儿的周长测量值，6个月和12个月的年龄，快速增长和超重被进一步定义。多元线性回归模型和贝叶斯核机回归模型(BKMR)用于分析暴露于个体BP和BP混合物与婴儿人体测量的关联。并确定混合物中的重要成分。使用改进的泊松回归模型确定每种BP的快速增长和超重的风险。
结果：较高的产前BPs暴露的一般概况（主要是BPA，BPF,和BPS）与较高的人体测量值和婴儿期超重风险相关。我们还观察到产前BPs暴露后婴儿快速生长的风险更高，风险比在1.46至1.91之间。BPs混合物的联合效应和来自BKMR模型的每种BP的单一效应与线性回归模型的结果一致。进一步表明女孩的协会通常是由BPA驱动的，BPF,或BPS，而男孩主要由BPF。
结论：产前暴露于BP及其混合物可以增加婴儿期后代的人体测量值，具有未来增长轨迹改变的影响。
