Abstract：
Sepsis is a serious disease characterized by an inappropriate host response to infection, resulting in widespread inflammation and systemic organ failure. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of pomegranate peel-derived silver nanoparticles (PGNP) as a potential alternative therapy for sepsis. Characterization using transmission electron microscopy revealed 10-30 nm spherical nanoparticles. In a rat model of sepsis, PGNP treatment improved spleen health, histology, and immune response as compared with septic rats. In rats treated with PGNP during sepsis, significant alterations in oxidative stress markers (p < .01) were observed. These included elevated levels of glutathione (0.63 ± 0.08 mmol/mg protein), reduced concentrations of nitric oxide (8.7 ± 0.8 μ mol/mg protein) and malondialdehyde (2.2 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein), as well as increased activity of superoxide dismutase (159 ± 33 U/mg protein). Following PGNP administration, gene expression analysis revealed a decrease in spleen IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, highlighting its anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, PGNP effectively controlled apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Bcl-2, and Casp3), indicating its role in cellular survival pathways. This study sheds light on the immunological regulation of the spleen during sepsis using PGNP, demonstrating its potential as a new effective treatment approach. The study emphasizes the necessity of continuing to investigate and develop alternative medicines, particularly in light of antibiotic resistance and the global impact of sepsis. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The study explored the potential medicinal benefits of pomegranate peel-derived silver nanoparticles (PGNP) in the treatment of sepsis. PGNP suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the immune response. The study recommends PGNP as a viable substitute treatment.
摘要：
脓毒症是一种严重的疾病，其特征是宿主对感染的不适当反应。导致广泛的炎症和全身器官衰竭。这项研究的目的是研究石榴皮衍生的银纳米颗粒（PGNP）作为败血症的潜在替代疗法的可能性。使用透射电子显微镜表征显示10-30nm球形纳米颗粒。在脓毒症大鼠模型中,PGNP治疗改善脾脏健康，组织学,与脓毒症大鼠相比，免疫反应。在脓毒症期间用PGNP治疗的大鼠中，观察到氧化应激标志物的显著变化(p<.01)。其中包括谷胱甘肽水平升高（0.63±0.08mmol/mg蛋白质），降低一氧化氮（8.7±0.8μmol/mg蛋白质）和丙二醛（2.2±0.3nmol/mg蛋白质）的浓度，以及增加的超氧化物歧化酶活性（159±33U/mg蛋白）。在PGNP管理之后，基因表达分析显示脾脏IL-1β减少，IL-6和TNF-α,突出了它的抗炎潜力。此外，PGNP有效控制凋亡相关基因(Bax，Bcl-2和Casp3），表明其在细胞存活途径中的作用。本研究揭示了使用PGNP在脓毒症期间对脾脏的免疫调节。展示了其作为一种新的有效治疗方法的潜力。研究强调继续研究和开发替代药物的必要性,特别是考虑到抗生素耐药性和脓毒症的全球影响。研究重点：该研究探索了石榴皮衍生的银纳米颗粒（PGNP）在治疗败血症中的潜在医学益处。PGNP抑制促炎细胞因子并增强免疫应答。该研究推荐PGNP作为可行的替代治疗。
