Abstract：
Part of the farmers have chosen to raise pigs with outdoor access. However, providing outdoor access to pigs is not a simple matter, and many farmers are hesitating or feel powerless to engage in this transition. A better understanding of their needs and challenges could facilitate the development of innovations that generate commitment. This survey aimed to identify the French pig farmers\' barriers to and drivers for providing outdoor access to pigs. A total of 36 farmers, aged 25-60, who worked in all types of pig farming systems (from full indoor to free-range) participated in a semi-structured interview that lasted 1.25-2.25 h. The topics covered included a historical overview, a description of the farm and practices, as well as opinions about the impact of outdoor access on farmers, animals, production and economic performance, environment, and society. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Most of the participants agreed that rearing pigs indoors is a different job from that of rearing pigs with outdoor access and that it is above all a matter of choice, farmer work conception, and work comfort. Farmers generally agreed that working outdoors is particularly arduous, but this could be compensated by the satisfaction of being in contact with nature and seeing animals in a more complex environment. A large majority of farmers managing a system with outdoor access raised the issue of lack of support, highlighting the need for refinement and diffusion of guides of practices as well as day-to-day support. The impact of outdoor access on the health and welfare of pigs was discussed, especially regarding climatic hazards and the risk of zoonoses, and several outdoor farmers explained how their relationship with the animals changes when pigs are raised outside. Given that zootechnical performance may significantly decrease in farms with outdoor access, various strategies can be employed to maintain profitability, such as feed production, circularity, direct sales, or work diversification. They could be either motivating or demotivating factors depending on the individuals. Concerns about social criticism were prominent among many indoor farmers while farmers providing outdoor access generally felt more serene and proud. Overall, this study can serve as a basis to identify levers that could remove barriers, foster the adherence of more farmers, and facilitate the transition towards more pig farming systems with outdoor access, provided that those systems are viable and beneficial for the welfare and health of the animals and farmers.
摘要：
部分农民选择在户外饲养猪。然而,为猪提供户外通道并不是一件简单的事情，许多农民正在犹豫或感到无力参与这一过渡。更好地了解他们的需求和挑战可以促进产生承诺的创新的发展。这项调查旨在确定法国养猪户的障碍和驾驶员为室外猪提供通道。共有36名农民，25-60岁，在所有类型的生猪养殖系统（从全室内到自由放养）工作，参加了为期1.25-2.25小时的半结构化访谈。涵盖的主题包括历史概述，对农场和实践的描述，以及关于室外通道对农民的影响的意见，动物,生产和经济表现，环境,和社会。定性数据采用专题分析法进行分析。大多数参与者都同意，室内饲养猪与室外饲养猪是不同的工作，这首先是一个选择问题，农民工作观念，工作舒适。农民普遍认为，户外工作特别艰苦，但这可以通过与自然接触并在更复杂的环境中看到动物的满足感来补偿。绝大多数管理户外访问系统的农民提出了缺乏支持的问题，强调需要完善和传播实践指南以及日常支持。讨论了户外出入对猪只健康和福利的影响,特别是关于气候灾害和人畜共患病的风险，几个户外农民解释了当猪在户外饲养时，他们与动物的关系是如何变化的。鉴于有室外通道的农场的动物园技术性能可能会大大降低，可以采用各种策略来保持盈利，如饲料生产，循环性,直销,或工作多样化。根据个人的不同，它们可能是激励因素或激励因素。在许多室内农民中，对社会批评的担忧尤为突出，而提供室外通道的农民通常感到更加宁静和自豪。总的来说,这项研究可以作为确定可以消除障碍的杠杆的基础，培养更多农民的坚持，并促进向更多具有室外通道的养猪系统的过渡，前提是这些系统是可行的，有利于动物和农民的福利和健康。
