Abstract：
The maintenance of phosphate homeostasis serves as a foundation for energy metabolism and signal transduction processes in all living organisms. Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), composed of an inositol ring decorated with monophosphate and diphosphate moieties, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), chains of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, are energy-rich biomolecules that play critical roles in phosphate homeostasis. There is a complex interplay between these two phosphate-rich molecules, and they share an interdependent relationship with cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In eukaryotes, the enzymes involved in PP-InsP synthesis show some degree of conservation across species, whereas distinct enzymology exists for polyP synthesis among different organisms. In fact, the mechanism of polyP synthesis in metazoans, including mammals, is still unclear. Early studies on PP-InsP and polyP synthesis were conducted in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, but it is in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that a clear understanding of the interplay between polyP, PP-InsPs, and Pi homeostasis has now been established. Recent research has shed more light on the influence of PP-InsPs on polyP in mammals, and the regulation of both these molecules by cellular ATP and Pi levels. In this review we will discuss the cross-talk between PP-InsPs, polyP, ATP, and Pi in the context of budding yeast, slime mould, and mammals. We will also highlight the similarities and differences in the relationship between these phosphate-rich biomolecules among this group of organisms.
摘要：
磷酸盐稳态的维持是所有生物体中能量代谢和信号转导过程的基础。肌醇焦磷酸盐（PP-InsPs），由单磷酸盐和二磷酸盐部分装饰的肌醇环组成，和无机多磷酸盐(polyP)，通过磷酸酐键连接的正磷酸盐残基链，是能量丰富的生物分子，在磷酸盐稳态中起关键作用。这两种富含磷酸盐的分子之间存在复杂的相互作用，它们与细胞三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和无机磷酸盐（Pi）有着相互依赖的关系。在真核生物中,参与PP-InsP合成的酶在物种之间显示出一定程度的保守性，而不同生物之间的polyP合成存在不同的酶学。事实上,polyP在后生动物中的合成机制，包括哺乳动物,还不清楚。早期的PP-InsP和polyP合成的研究是在粘液霉菌盘基网柄菌中进行的，但是在酿酒酵母中，对polyP之间的相互作用有清晰的认识，PP-InsPs,现在已经建立了Pi稳态。最近的研究揭示了PP-InsPs对哺乳动物polyP的影响。以及细胞ATP和Pi水平对这两种分子的调节。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论PP-InsPs之间的串扰，PolyP,ATP,和Pi在萌芽酵母的背景下，粘液霉菌，和哺乳动物。我们还将强调这组生物中这些富含磷酸盐的生物分子之间关系的异同。
