Abstract：
The Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species complex is responsible for the neglected zoonotic disease known as cystic echinococcosis (CE). Humans and livestock are infected via fecal-oral transmission. CE remains prevalent in Western China, Central Asia, South America, Eastern Africa, and the Mediterranean. Approximately one million individuals worldwide are affected, influencing veterinary and public health, as well as social and economic matters. The infection causes slow-growing cysts, predominantly in the liver and lungs, but can also develop in other organs. The exact progression of these cysts is uncertain. This study aimed to understand the survival mechanisms of liver and lung CE cysts from cattle by determining their metabolite profiles through metabolomics and multivariate statistical analyses. Non-targeted metabolomic approaches were conducted using quadrupole-time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) to distinguish between liver and lung CE cysts. Data processing to extract the peaks on complex chromatograms was performed using XCMS. PCA and OPLS-DA plots obtained through multiple statistical analyses showed interactions of metabolites within and between groups. Metabolites such as glutathione, prostaglandin, folic acid, and cortisol that cause different immunological reactions have been identified both in liver and lung hydatid cysts, but in different ratios. Considering the differences in the metabolomic profiles of the liver and lung cysts determined in the present study will contribute research to enlighten the nature of the cyst and develop specific therapeutic strategies.
摘要：
细粒棘球蚴属物种复合体是被忽视的人畜共患疾病的原因，称为囊性包虫病（CE）。人类和牲畜通过粪便-口腔传播感染。CE在中国西部仍然很普遍，中亚,南美洲,东非,和地中海。全世界大约有100万人受到影响，影响兽医和公共卫生，以及社会和经济问题。感染导致囊肿生长缓慢,主要在肝脏和肺部，但也可以在其他器官中发展。这些囊肿的确切进展是不确定的。本研究旨在通过代谢组学和多变量统计分析确定牛的代谢物谱，了解牛的肝和肺CE囊肿的存活机制。使用四极杆飞行时间液相色谱/质谱（LC-QTOF-MS）进行非靶向代谢组学方法，以区分肝和肺CE囊肿。使用XCMS进行数据处理以提取复杂色谱图上的峰。通过多次统计分析获得的PCA和OPLS-DA图显示了组内和组间代谢物的相互作用。代谢物如谷胱甘肽，前列腺素,叶酸,和皮质醇引起不同的免疫反应已经在肝和肺包虫囊肿中被发现，但是比例不同。考虑到本研究中确定的肝和肺囊肿代谢组学特征的差异，将有助于研究启发囊肿的性质并制定特定的治疗策略。
