Abstract：
The considerable epidemiological and economic implications of paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), have placed importance on control efforts aimed at preventing MAP transmission. In this context, Italy issued national guidelines for the control and status certification of MAP in dairy cattle in 2013.
We assessed the long-term outcomes of the Italian MAP control programme for 14 dairy farms located in northern Italy by retrospectively reviewing the results of yearly serological tests, presence of clinical cases, MAP faecal shedding in serologically positive animals, farm management and health ranking as indicators of herd health between 2014 and 2021.
A significantly higher number of serologically positive animals were observed between 2014 and 2016 than between 2017 and 2021, as well as an improving trend in the paratuberculosis health ranking for nine of the 14 farms. No clinical cases were reported. MAP shedding was detected in 9.4% of serologically positive animals. Discarding colostrum and prioritised culling of seropositive animals assisted by adoption of standardised serological testing were presumed to have a key role in MAP control, despite the reluctance of some farmers to address hygienic issues and improve the separation of calves from adult animals.
The small number of farms included in this study and the fact that these were not randomly selected may limit the generalisability of the findings.
The Italian paratuberculosis control plan has provided measures to limit the uncontrolled spread of MAP infection within and between herds by promoting animal trading between farms certified as negative or low risk.
We assessed the long-term outcomes of the Italian MAP control programme for 14 dairy farms located in northern Italy by retrospectively reviewing the results of yearly serological tests, presence of clinical cases, MAP faecal shedding in serologically positive animals, farm management and health ranking as indicators of herd health between 2014 and 2021.
A significantly higher number of serologically positive animals were observed between 2014 and 2016 than between 2017 and 2021, as well as an improving trend in the paratuberculosis health ranking for nine of the 14 farms. No clinical cases were reported. MAP shedding was detected in 9.4% of serologically positive animals. Discarding colostrum and prioritised culling of seropositive animals assisted by adoption of standardised serological testing were presumed to have a key role in MAP control, despite the reluctance of some farmers to address hygienic issues and improve the separation of calves from adult animals.
The small number of farms included in this study and the fact that these were not randomly selected may limit the generalisability of the findings.
The Italian paratuberculosis control plan has provided measures to limit the uncontrolled spread of MAP infection within and between herds by promoting animal trading between farms certified as negative or low risk.
摘要：
背景：副结核病具有相当大的流行病学和经济影响，由鸟分枝杆菌副结核亚种（MAP）引起，重视旨在防止MAP传播的控制工作。在这种情况下，意大利于2013年发布了奶牛MAP控制和状态认证的国家指南。
方法：我们对位于意大利北部的14个奶牛场的意大利MAP控制计划的长期结果进行了回顾性评估，临床病例的存在，血清学阳性动物的MAP粪便脱落，农场管理和健康排名作为2014年至2021年的畜群健康指标。
结果：在2014年至2016年期间，观察到血清学阳性动物的数量明显高于2017年至2021年，并且14个农场中有9个农场的副结核病健康排名呈改善趋势。无临床病例报告。在9.4%的血清学阳性动物中检测到MAP脱落。推测在采用标准化血清学测试的辅助下丢弃初乳并优先剔除血清阳性动物在MAP控制中具有关键作用。尽管一些农民不愿解决卫生问题并改善小牛与成年动物的分离。
结论：本研究中包含的农场数量少，而且这些农场不是随机选择的，这可能会限制研究结果的普遍性。
结论：意大利副结核病控制计划提供了措施，通过促进被证明为阴性或低风险的农场之间的动物交易，限制了MAP感染在牛群内部和之间的不受控制的传播。
方法：我们对位于意大利北部的14个奶牛场的意大利MAP控制计划的长期结果进行了回顾性评估，临床病例的存在，血清学阳性动物的MAP粪便脱落，农场管理和健康排名作为2014年至2021年的畜群健康指标。
结果：在2014年至2016年期间，观察到血清学阳性动物的数量明显高于2017年至2021年，并且14个农场中有9个农场的副结核病健康排名呈改善趋势。无临床病例报告。在9.4%的血清学阳性动物中检测到MAP脱落。推测在采用标准化血清学测试的辅助下丢弃初乳并优先剔除血清阳性动物在MAP控制中具有关键作用。尽管一些农民不愿解决卫生问题并改善小牛与成年动物的分离。
结论：本研究中包含的农场数量少，而且这些农场不是随机选择的，这可能会限制研究结果的普遍性。
结论：意大利副结核病控制计划提供了措施，通过促进被证明为阴性或低风险的农场之间的动物交易，限制了MAP感染在牛群内部和之间的不受控制的传播。
