PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study aimed to investigate the estimated burden attributed to lead exposure (LE), at the national and subnational levels from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. The burden attributed to LE was determined through the estimation of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) using the comparative risk assessment method of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study presenting as age-standardized per 100,000 person year (PY) with 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI). Furthermore, the burden of each disease were recorded independently. Eventually, the age-standardized YLLs, DALYs, deaths and YLDs rates attributed to LE demonstrated a decrease of 50.7%, 48.9%, 38.0%, and 36.4%, respectively, from 1990 to 2019. The most important causes of LE burden are divided into two acute and chronic categories: acute, mainly causes mental disorders (DALYs rate of 36.0 in 2019), and chronic, results in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (DALYs rate of 391.8) and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) (DALYs rate of 26.6), with CVDs bearing the most significant burden. At the sub-national level, a decrease in burden was evident in most provinces; moreover, low and low-middle SDI provinces born the highest burden. The burden increased mainly by ageing and was higher in males than females. It was concluded that although the overall decrease in the burden; still it is high, especially in low and low-middle SDI provinces, in advanced ages and in males. Among IDID, CKDs and CVDs that are the most important causes of LE-attributed burden in Iran; CVDs bear the highest burden.
摘要：
本研究旨在调查铅暴露(LE)导致的估计负担，1990年至2019年在伊朗的国家和国家以下各级。归因于LE的负担是通过估计死亡来确定的，残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)，使用全球疾病负担(GBD)研究的比较风险评估方法,以年龄标准化的每100,000人年(PY)为标准,不确定区间为95%(95%UI)。此外，独立记录每种疾病的负担.最终,年龄标准化的YLL，DALYs,归因于LE的死亡和YLDs率下降了50.7%，48.9%,38.0%,和36.4%，分别,从1990年到2019年。LE负担的最重要原因分为急性和慢性两类：急性，主要导致精神障碍（2019年DALYs率为36.0），慢性，结果心血管疾病（CVDs）（DALYs率为391.8）和慢性肾脏疾病（CKDs）（DALYs率为26.6），心血管疾病负担最重。在国家以下一级，大多数省份的负担明显减轻；此外，中低SDI省份出生负担最高。负担主要因衰老而增加，男性的负担高于女性。结论是，尽管负担总体下降；仍然很高，特别是在中低SDI省份，在高龄和男性中。在IDID中，CKDs和CVDs是造成伊朗LE负担的最重要原因；CVDs负担最高。
