Abstract：
Biphasic models have been widely used to simulate the time-dependent biomechanical response of soft tissues. Modelling techniques of joints with biphasic weight-bearing soft tissues have been markedly improved over the last decade, enhancing our understanding of the function, degenerative mechanism and outcomes of interventions of joints. This paper reviews the recent advances, challenges and opportunities in computational models of joints with biphasic weight-bearing soft tissues. The review begins with an introduction of the function and degeneration of joints from a biomechanical aspect. Different constitutive models of articular cartilage, in particular biphasic materials, are illustrated in the context of the study of contact mechanics in joints. Approaches, advances and major findings of biphasic models of the hip and knee are presented, followed by a discussion of the challenges awaiting to be addressed, including the convergence issue, high computational cost and inadequate validation. Finally, opportunities and clinical insights in the areas of subject-specific modeling and tissue engineering are provided and discussed.
摘要：
双相模型已广泛用于模拟软组织的时间依赖性生物力学反应。在过去的十年中，具有双相负重软组织的关节的建模技术得到了显着改善，增强我们对功能的理解，关节干预的退化机制和结果。本文回顾了近年来的研究进展，具有双相负重软组织的关节计算模型中的挑战和机遇。该综述从生物力学方面介绍关节的功能和退化。关节软骨的不同本构模型,特别是双相材料，在关节接触力学研究的背景下进行了说明。方法，提出了髋关节和膝关节双相模型的进展和主要发现，随后讨论了有待解决的挑战，包括融合问题，计算成本高，验证不充分。最后,提供并讨论了特定主题建模和组织工程领域的机会和临床见解。
