Abstract：
Tributyltin (TBT) is the chemical substance commonly used worldwide to prevent biofouling of vessels. Due to its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, even after being banned, significant concentrations of TBT can be detected in sediment, affecting marine and human life. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to TBT alters physiological parameters in mammals, the relationship between exposure to TBT during pregnancy and lactation, considered critical windows for metabolic programming, has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis is that offspring whose mothers were exposed to TBT during critical stages of development may exhibit dysfunctions in endocrine-metabolic parameters. We used pregnant Wistar rats that were divided into groups and received the following treatments from gestational day 7 until the end of lactation by intragastric gavage: vehicle (ethanol 0.01%; Control), low TBT dose (100 ng/kg of body weight (bw)/day; TBT100ng) and high TBT dose (1000 ng/kg bw/day; TBT1000ng). Dams and offspring at birth and weaning (21 days old) were studied. Maternal exposure to TBT promoted dose-dependent changes in dams. The findings for adiposity, milk composition and lipid profile were more pronounced in TBT100 ng dam; however, thyroid morphology was altered in TBT1000 ng dam. Female offspring were differentially affected by the dose of exposure. At birth, females in the TBT100ng group had low body weight, lower naso-anal length (NAL), and higher plasma T4, and at weaning, females in the TBT100ng group had lower insulin and leptin levels. Females in the TBT1000ng group had lower NAL at birth and lower leptinemia and weight of white adipose tissue at weaning. Male offspring from TBT groups showed high T3 at birth, without biometric alterations at birth or weaning. Despite these findings, both sexes exhibited dose-dependent morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Thus, maternal exposure to TBT constitutes an important route of contamination for both dams and offspring.
摘要：
三丁基锡（TBT）是世界范围内通常用于防止容器生物污染的化学物质。由于其生物积累和生物放大的能力，即使在被禁止之后,沉积物中可以检测到大量的TBT，影响海洋和人类生活。尽管研究表明直接暴露于TBT会改变哺乳动物的生理参数，妊娠期TBT暴露与哺乳期的关系,被认为是代谢编程的关键窗口，还没有完全阐明。我们的假设是，在发育的关键阶段母亲暴露于TBT的后代可能会表现出内分泌代谢参数的功能障碍。我们使用怀孕的Wistar大鼠，这些大鼠分为几组，从妊娠第7天到泌乳结束，通过胃内灌洗接受以下治疗：媒介物（乙醇0.01％；对照），低TBT剂量（100ng/kg体重（bw）/天；TBT100ng）和高TBT剂量（1000ng/kgbw/天；TBT1000ng）。研究了出生和断奶（21天大）时的水坝和后代。母体暴露于TBT会促进水坝的剂量依赖性变化。肥胖的发现，TBT100ng大坝的牛奶成分和脂质分布更为明显；然而，TBT1000ng大坝的甲状腺形态改变。雌性后代受到暴露剂量的不同影响。出生时,TBT100ng组的女性体重较低，较低的鼻肛门长度（NAL），和更高的血浆T4，在断奶时，TBT100ng组女性胰岛素和瘦素水平较低.TBT1000ng组女性出生时NAL较低，断奶时瘦素血症和白色脂肪组织重量较低。TBT组的雄性后代在出生时显示出高T3，在出生或断奶时没有生物特征改变。尽管有这些发现,两种性别均表现出剂量依赖性甲状腺形态变化。因此，母体暴露于TBT是水坝和后代的重要污染途径。
