PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Influenza remains a public health threat, partly due to suboptimal effectiveness of vaccines. One factor impacting vaccine effectiveness is strain mismatch, occurring when vaccines no longer match circulating strains due to antigenic drift or the incorporation of inadvertent (eg, egg-adaptive) mutations during vaccine manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the evidence for antigenic drift of circulating viruses and/or egg-adaptive mutations occurring in vaccine strains during the 2011-2020 influenza seasons. Evidence suggests that antigenic drift led to vaccine mismatch during four seasons and that egg-adaptive mutations caused vaccine mismatch during six seasons. These findings highlight the need for alternative vaccine development platforms. Recently, vaccines based on mRNA technology have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus and are under clinical evaluation for seasonal influenza. We discuss the potential for mRNA vaccines to address strain mismatch, as well as new multi-component strategies using the mRNA platform to improve vaccine effectiveness.
摘要：
流感仍然是公共卫生威胁，部分原因是疫苗的效果欠佳。影响疫苗有效性的一个因素是菌株不匹配，当疫苗由于抗原漂移或无意的掺入而不再与循环菌株匹配时（例如，疫苗制造过程中的鸡蛋适应性）突变。在这次审查中,我们总结了在2011-2020年流感季节疫苗株中出现的循环病毒和/或鸡蛋适应性突变的抗原性漂移的证据.有证据表明，抗原漂移导致四个季节的疫苗错配，而鸡蛋适应性突变导致六个季节的疫苗错配。这些发现强调了对替代疫苗开发平台的需求。最近,基于mRNA技术的疫苗已证明对SARS-CoV-2和呼吸道合胞病毒有效，并且正在进行季节性流感的临床评估。我们讨论了mRNA疫苗解决菌株错配的潜力，以及使用mRNA平台提高疫苗有效性的新的多组分策略。
