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Abstract：
Background Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which is increasing globally with higher prevalence among women. Many factors contribute to the etiology and risk factors for depression, including biological and psychosocial factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression among the adult population in Al-Qunfudah governorate, southwestern Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1036 participants among adults in Al-Qunfudah governorate, southwestern SA, using a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) during the period from October 1st, 2022 to the end of December 2022. The PHQ-9 contains nine items, with a total score ranging from 0 to 27. A score of 1-4 represented minimal depression, while a score of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represented mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. The sample size was estimated to be 375 participants, by considering a margin of error of 5%, and a 95% confidence interval, calculated using Raosoft calculator (Raosoft Inc., Seattle, WA). Data collection was performed through an online survey of the PHQ-9 on a Google form and distributed using different social media platforms. The eligible participants\' responses were kept confidential and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The study showed that the overall prevalence of depression among the 1036 adult study participants was 68.1%. Mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe depression was diagnosed among 28.2%, 21.9%, 12%, and 6% of the participants, respectively. Several factors were significantly associated with PHQ-9 diagnosed depression including being younger (p<0.0001), a female (p<0.0001), single (p<0.0001), a student (p<0.0001), and non-employed (p<0.0001) and having a lower educational level (p<0.0001). Conclusions There is a high prevalence rate of depression among the adult population of Al-Qunfudah governorate in southwestern SA, which highlights the need for interventions to address this issue, and to reduce the incidence of depression in the region among the high-risk groups.
摘要：
背景抑郁症是最常见的精神障碍之一,在全球范围内，女性的患病率越来越高。许多因素有助于抑郁症的病因和危险因素，包括生物和社会心理因素。这项研究旨在评估Al-Qunfudah省成年人口中抑郁症的患病率，沙特阿拉伯西南部（SA）。方法对Al-Qunfudah省的1036名成年人进行了横断面研究，西南SA，从10月1日起，使用经过验证的阿拉伯语版本的患者健康问卷（PHQ-9），2022年至2022年12月底。PHQ-9包含九个项目，总分从0到27。1-4分代表轻度抑郁，5、10、15和20分表示轻度，中度,中度严重,和严重的抑郁症,分别。样本量估计为375名参与者，考虑5%的误差，95%的置信区间,使用Raosoft计算器(RaosoftInc.，西雅图,西澳）。数据收集是通过在Google表格上对PHQ-9进行的在线调查进行的，并使用不同的社交媒体平台进行分发。对符合条件的参与者的回答进行保密，并使用IBMSPSSStatisticsforWindows进行分析，版本22（2013年发布；IBMCorp.,Armonk,纽约,美国)。<0.05的p值被认为是统计学上显著的。结果研究显示，在1036名成人研究参与者中，抑郁症的总体患病率为68.1%。温和,中度,中度至重度,28.2%的人被诊断出严重的抑郁症，21.9%,12%,6%的参与者，分别。几个因素与PHQ-9诊断的抑郁症显着相关，包括年轻（p<0.0001），女性（p<0.0001），单（p<0.0001），学生（p<0.0001），和非就业（p<0.0001）和具有较低的教育水平（p<0.0001）。结论南塞州南部的Al-Qunfudah省成年人群中抑郁症的患病率较高。这突出了需要采取干预措施来解决这个问题，并降低该地区高危人群中抑郁症的发生率。
