Abstract：
BACKGROUND: On 7 April 1933, the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was enacted. The law triggered the dismissal of most Jewish medical staff from German universities. A few Jewish professors in Berlin were permitted to continue their academic activity with restrictions. Those professors were gradually dismissed as laws and restrictions were enforced.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the last Jewish medical professors who, despite severe restrictions, continued their academic duties and prepared students for their examinations in Berlin after the summer of 1933.
METHODS: We reviewed dissertations written by the medical faculty of Berlin from 1933 to 1937 and identified Jewish professors who mentored students during those years.
RESULTS: Thirteen Jewish tutors instructed dissertations for the medical examinations after the Nazi regime seized power. They were employees of different university hospitals, including the Jewish hospitals. We did not identify Aryan students instructed by Jewish professors. The professors were active in different medical disciplines. Half of the reviewed dissertations were in the disciplines of surgery and gynecology. The last Jewish tutors were dismissed in October 1935. However, some of their studies were submitted for examination after that date.
CONCLUSIONS: After the Nazi regime seized power, academic activities and medical research by Jewish professors declined but did not stop. However, these professors worked with only Jewish students on their theses. Most dissertations were approved and examined after the Jewish academics were dismissed by the university, in some cases even after they left Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the last Jewish medical professors who, despite severe restrictions, continued their academic duties and prepared students for their examinations in Berlin after the summer of 1933.
METHODS: We reviewed dissertations written by the medical faculty of Berlin from 1933 to 1937 and identified Jewish professors who mentored students during those years.
RESULTS: Thirteen Jewish tutors instructed dissertations for the medical examinations after the Nazi regime seized power. They were employees of different university hospitals, including the Jewish hospitals. We did not identify Aryan students instructed by Jewish professors. The professors were active in different medical disciplines. Half of the reviewed dissertations were in the disciplines of surgery and gynecology. The last Jewish tutors were dismissed in October 1935. However, some of their studies were submitted for examination after that date.
CONCLUSIONS: After the Nazi regime seized power, academic activities and medical research by Jewish professors declined but did not stop. However, these professors worked with only Jewish students on their theses. Most dissertations were approved and examined after the Jewish academics were dismissed by the university, in some cases even after they left Germany.
摘要：
背景：1933年4月7日，《纳粹恢复职业公务员制度法》颁布。该法律引发了大多数德国大学犹太医务人员的解雇。柏林的一些犹太教授被允许限制继续他们的学术活动。随着法律和限制的实施，这些教授逐渐被解雇。
目的：为了确定最后一位犹太医学教授，尽管严格的限制，继续他们的学术职责，并为1933年夏天之后在柏林的考试做好准备。
方法：我们回顾了1933年至1937年柏林医学院撰写的论文，并确定了那些年指导学生的犹太教授。
结果：纳粹政权夺取政权后，十三名犹太导师指导论文进行医学检查。他们是不同大学医院的员工，包括犹太医院.我们没有确定犹太教授指导的雅利安学生。教授们活跃于不同的医学学科。审查的论文中有一半是外科和妇科学科。最后一位犹太导师于1935年10月被解雇。然而,他们的一些研究在该日期之后提交检查。
结论：纳粹政权夺取政权后，犹太教授的学术活动和医学研究下降，但没有停止。然而,这些教授只和犹太学生一起写论文。在犹太学者被大学解雇后，大多数论文都得到了批准和审查，在某些情况下，甚至在他们离开德国之后。
目的：为了确定最后一位犹太医学教授，尽管严格的限制，继续他们的学术职责，并为1933年夏天之后在柏林的考试做好准备。
方法：我们回顾了1933年至1937年柏林医学院撰写的论文，并确定了那些年指导学生的犹太教授。
结果：纳粹政权夺取政权后，十三名犹太导师指导论文进行医学检查。他们是不同大学医院的员工，包括犹太医院.我们没有确定犹太教授指导的雅利安学生。教授们活跃于不同的医学学科。审查的论文中有一半是外科和妇科学科。最后一位犹太导师于1935年10月被解雇。然而,他们的一些研究在该日期之后提交检查。
结论：纳粹政权夺取政权后，犹太教授的学术活动和医学研究下降，但没有停止。然而,这些教授只和犹太学生一起写论文。在犹太学者被大学解雇后，大多数论文都得到了批准和审查，在某些情况下，甚至在他们离开德国之后。
