PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Accidental hypothermia is common in all trauma patients and contributes to the lethal diamond, increasing both morbidity and mortality. In hypotensive shock, fluid resuscitation is recommended using fluids with a temperature of 37-42°, as fluid temperature can decrease the patient\'s body temperature. In Sweden, virtually all prehospital services use preheated fluids. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the temperature of preheated infusion fluids is affected by the ambient temperatures and flow rates relevant for prehospital emergency care.
METHODS: In this experimental simulation study, temperature changes in crystalloids preheated to 39 °C were evaluated. The fluid temperature changes were measured both in the infusion bag and at the patient end of the infusion system. Measurements were conducted in conditions relevant to prehospital emergency care, with ambient temperatures varying between - 4 and 28 °C and flow rates of 1000 ml/h and 6000 ml/h, through an uninsulated infusion set at a length of 175 cm.
RESULTS: The flow rate and ambient temperature affected the temperature in the infusion fluid both in the infusion bag and at the patient end of the system. A lower ambient temperature and lower flow rate were both associated with a greater temperature loss in the infusion fluid.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both a high infusion rate and a high ambient temperature are needed if an infusion fluid preheated to 39 °C is to remain above 37 °C when it reaches the patient using a 175-cm-long uninsulated infusion set. It is apparent that the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the flow rate needs to be to limit temperature loss of the fluid.
METHODS: In this experimental simulation study, temperature changes in crystalloids preheated to 39 °C were evaluated. The fluid temperature changes were measured both in the infusion bag and at the patient end of the infusion system. Measurements were conducted in conditions relevant to prehospital emergency care, with ambient temperatures varying between - 4 and 28 °C and flow rates of 1000 ml/h and 6000 ml/h, through an uninsulated infusion set at a length of 175 cm.
RESULTS: The flow rate and ambient temperature affected the temperature in the infusion fluid both in the infusion bag and at the patient end of the system. A lower ambient temperature and lower flow rate were both associated with a greater temperature loss in the infusion fluid.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that both a high infusion rate and a high ambient temperature are needed if an infusion fluid preheated to 39 °C is to remain above 37 °C when it reaches the patient using a 175-cm-long uninsulated infusion set. It is apparent that the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the flow rate needs to be to limit temperature loss of the fluid.
摘要：
背景：意外低温在所有创伤患者中都很常见，并导致致命的钻石，增加发病率和死亡率。在低血压性休克中，建议使用温度为37-42°的液体进行液体复苏，作为流体温度可以降低病人的体温。在瑞典,几乎所有的院前服务使用预热流体。本研究的目的是研究预热输液的温度如何受到与院前急救相关的环境温度和流速的影响。
方法：在本实验模拟研究中，评估预热至39°C的晶体的温度变化。在输注袋和输注系统的患者端测量流体温度变化。在与院前急救相关的条件下进行测量，环境温度在-4至28°C之间变化，流速为1000ml/h至6000ml/h，通过长度为175厘米的非绝缘输液器。
结果：流速和环境温度会影响输注袋中和系统患者端的输注液中的温度。较低的环境温度和较低的流速都与输注流体中较大的温度损失相关。
结论：这项研究表明，如果预热至39°C的输液在使用175厘米长的非绝缘输液器到达患者时保持在37°C以上，则需要高输液速率和高环境温度。很明显，环境温度越低，更高的流速需要限制流体的温度损失。
方法：在本实验模拟研究中，评估预热至39°C的晶体的温度变化。在输注袋和输注系统的患者端测量流体温度变化。在与院前急救相关的条件下进行测量，环境温度在-4至28°C之间变化，流速为1000ml/h至6000ml/h，通过长度为175厘米的非绝缘输液器。
结果：流速和环境温度会影响输注袋中和系统患者端的输注液中的温度。较低的环境温度和较低的流速都与输注流体中较大的温度损失相关。
结论：这项研究表明，如果预热至39°C的输液在使用175厘米长的非绝缘输液器到达患者时保持在37°C以上，则需要高输液速率和高环境温度。很明显，环境温度越低，更高的流速需要限制流体的温度损失。
