Abstract：
An O1/W/O2 double emulsion gel, as a functional fat substitute and based on nanoemulsions and hydrophobic Pickering particles, is prepared by two-step emulsification to co-encapsulate hydrophilic cyanidin and hydrophobic quercetin. Nanoemulsions loading quercetin are fabricated by Tween-80 and combining high-speed and high-pressure emulsification. Phytosterol nanoparticles stabilize the W-O2 interface of the secondary emulsion to load cyanidin in the W phase. The concentration of Tween-80 is optimized as 0.3% by the droplet size and viscosity of nanoemulsions. The structural stability of double emulsion gels will be weakened along with the increase of nanoemulsions, showing lower modulus and encapsulation efficiency (EE) and bigger droplets. In double emulsion gels, the EE of quercetin and cyanidin reaches 93% and 85.6%, respectively. Analysis of molecular interaction indicates that Tween-80 would decrease the in-situ hydrophobicity of phytosterol nanoparticles by hydrogen bonding adsorption, thereby weakening the emulsification. The pH-chromic 3D printing of double emulsion gels is designed according to the pH sensitivity of cyanidin. Texture profile analysis is performed to test the textural properties of 3D-printed objects. The simulated digestion is conducted on double emulsion gels. The double emulsion gel with fewer nanoemulsions is beneficial for protecting quercetin and improving the delivery due to the higher structural stability, while that with more nanoemulsions is conducive to the digestion of cyanidin and camellia oil due to weakened semi-solid properties. This double emulsion gel further simulates fat tissues by co-encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, promoting the application of fat substitutes in the food industry.
摘要：
O1/W/O2双乳液凝胶，作为功能性脂肪替代品，基于纳米乳液和疏水性Pickering颗粒，采用两步乳化法制备亲水性紫花素和疏水性槲皮素。负载槲皮素的纳米乳液是通过Tween-80并结合高速和高压乳化制备的。植物甾醇纳米颗粒稳定二级乳液的W-O2界面，以在W相中负载花青素。通过纳米乳液的液滴尺寸和粘度,Tween-80的浓度优化为0.3%。随着纳米乳液用量的增加,双乳液凝胶的结构稳定性会减弱,显示较低的模量和包封效率(EE)和较大的液滴。在双重乳液凝胶中，槲皮素和花青素的EE分别达到93%和85.6%，分别。分子相互作用分析表明,Tween-80通过氢键吸附降低了植物甾醇纳米颗粒的原位疏水性,从而削弱乳化作用。根据花青素的pH敏感性,设计了双乳液凝胶的pH-变色3D打印。进行纹理轮廓分析以测试3D打印对象的纹理属性。在双乳液凝胶上进行模拟消化。纳米乳液较少的双乳凝胶结构稳定性较高,有利于保护槲皮素,改善递送效果,而更多的纳米乳液由于半固体性质减弱，有利于花青素和山茶油的消化。这种双重乳液凝胶通过共包裹亲水性和疏水性物质进一步模拟脂肪组织，促进脂肪替代品在食品工业中的应用。
