Abstract：
Globally, more than half of the world\'s regions and populations inhabit psychrophilic and seasonally cold environments. Lower temperatures can inhibit the metabolic activity of microorganisms, thereby restricting the application of traditional biological treatment technologies. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES), which combine electrochemistry and biocatalysis, can enhance the resistance of microorganisms to unfavorable environments through electrical stimulation, thus showing promising applications in low-temperature environments. In this review, we focus on the potential application of BES in such environments, given the relatively limited research in this area due to temperature limitations. We select microbial fuel cells (MFC), microbial electrolytic cells (MEC), and microbial electrosynthesis cells (MES) as the objects of analysis and compare their operational mechanisms and application fields. MFC mainly utilizes the redox potential of microorganisms during substance metabolism to generate electricity, while MEC and MES promote the degradation of refractory substances by augmenting the electrode potential with an applied voltage. Subsequently, we summarize and discuss the application of these three types of BES in low-temperature environments. MFC can be employed for environmental remediation as well as for biosensors to monitor environmental quality, while MEC and MES are primarily intended for hydrogen and methane production. Additionally, we explore the influencing factors for the application of BES in low-temperature environments, including operational parameters, electrodes and membranes, external voltage, oxygen intervention, and reaction devices. Finally, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility analyses reveal that the application of BES in low-temperature environments has great potential for development.
摘要：
全球范围内,世界上超过一半的地区和人口居住在嗜冷和季节性寒冷的环境中。较低的温度可以抑制微生物的代谢活动，从而制约了传统生物处理技术的应用。生物电化学系统（BES），结合了电化学和生物催化，可以通过电刺激增强微生物对不利环境的抵抗力，因此在低温环境中显示出很有希望的应用。在这次审查中,我们专注于BES在这种环境中的潜在应用，由于温度的限制，这方面的研究相对有限。我们选择微生物燃料电池（MFC），微生物电解池（MEC），以微生物电合成细胞(MES)为分析对象,比较其作用机理和应用领域。MFC主要利用微生物在物质代谢过程中的氧化还原电位来发电，而MEC和MES通过施加电压增加电极电势来促进难熔物质的降解。随后，我们总结并讨论了这三种类型的BES在低温环境中的应用。MFC可用于环境修复以及生物传感器监测环境质量，而MEC和MES主要用于氢气和甲烷生产。此外,探讨低温环境下BES应用的影响因素,包括操作参数，电极和膜，外部电压,氧气干预,和反应装置。最后,技术,经济,和环境可行性分析表明，BES在低温环境中的应用具有巨大的发展潜力。
