Abstract：
Effective Altruism is a popular social movement that encourages individuals to donate to organizations that effectively address humanity\'s most severe poverty. However, because Effective Altruists are committed to doing the most good in the most effective ways, they often argue that it is wrong to help those nearest to you. In this article, I target a major subset of Effective Altruists who consider it a moral obligation to do the most good possible. Call these Obligation-Oriented Effective Altruists (OOEAs), and their movement Obligation-Oriented Effective Altruism (OOEA). I argue that, insofar as this variety of OOEA seems to commit us to refrain from helping the people right in front of us, there is something intuitively wrong about it. In response, I introduce an alternative model that embraces partiality: Mutual Aid. Mutual Aid is a network of community members, usually from the same geographical region, who share a commitment to offer, receive, and exchange material goods, wealth, and social support. I recommend Mutual Aid as a liberatory model, which-through empathy, solidarity, and care-mobilizes community-building and provides a catalyst for community advocacy. As such, we should resist the claims of OOEAs that partially distributing our funds to people or causes we care about is morally wrong or even less than ideal. We do not have a moral obligation to use our funds \"effectively\"; rather, we have a broader obligation to address human suffering, and Mutual Aid is one moral alternative for discharging this duty.
摘要：
有效利他主义是一种流行的社会运动，它鼓励个人向有效解决人类最严重贫困的组织捐款。然而,因为有效的利他主义者致力于以最有效的方式做最大的好事，他们经常认为帮助离你最近的人是错误的。在这篇文章中,我的目标是有效利他主义者的主要子集，他们认为尽最大可能做好事是一种道德义务。称这些以义务为导向的有效利他主义者(OOEA)，以及他们以运动义务为导向的有效利他主义(OOEA)。我认为，只要这种OOEA的多样性似乎让我们避免帮助我们面前的人，直觉上有一些错误。作为回应,我介绍了一种包含偏见的替代模式：互助。互助是一个由社区成员组成的网络，通常来自同一地理区域，共同承诺提供的人，接收,交换物质商品，财富,和社会支持。我推荐互助作为一种解放模式，通过同理心，团结,和护理-动员社区建设，并为社区宣传提供催化剂。因此，我们应该抵制OOEA的主张，即将我们的资金分配给我们关心的人或事业在道德上是错误的，甚至不那么理想。我们没有道德义务“有效地”使用我们的资金；相反，我们有更广泛的义务来解决人类的痛苦，互助是履行这一职责的一种道德选择。
