Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate mutations associated with, the causes of, and the conditions that contribute to HIV drug resistance (DR). This research provides crucial insights into the mechanisms through which HIV evades antiretroviral drugs and suggests strategies to counter this phenomenon. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and structure of DR in HIV-1 across various regions in Russia and identify the primary factors influencing the development of HIV DR.
METHODS: The study used nucleotide sequences from the HIV-1 pol gene obtained from 1369 patients with a history of therapy and virological failure between 2005 and 2019 to analyze the frequency and structure of DR and the factors associated with it.
RESULTS: The analysed HIV-1 genotypes included viruses resistant to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 11.8%), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.4%), and NRTIs + NNRTIs (31.7%). The mutations M184V/I and G190A/S/E were the most prevalent, accounting for 54.5% and 26.6%, respectively. The dominance of multiple DR persisted throughout the entire observation period. The likelihood of encountering drug-resistant variants was increased among men, patients in the late stage of infection, and those with a viral load <30 000 RNA copies/mL. Injection drug use was not associated with DR.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has yielded new insights into HIV DR in Russia, offering valuable information to identify clinical or programmatic events warranting closer attention and support.
METHODS: The study used nucleotide sequences from the HIV-1 pol gene obtained from 1369 patients with a history of therapy and virological failure between 2005 and 2019 to analyze the frequency and structure of DR and the factors associated with it.
RESULTS: The analysed HIV-1 genotypes included viruses resistant to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 11.8%), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.4%), and NRTIs + NNRTIs (31.7%). The mutations M184V/I and G190A/S/E were the most prevalent, accounting for 54.5% and 26.6%, respectively. The dominance of multiple DR persisted throughout the entire observation period. The likelihood of encountering drug-resistant variants was increased among men, patients in the late stage of infection, and those with a viral load <30 000 RNA copies/mL. Injection drug use was not associated with DR.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has yielded new insights into HIV DR in Russia, offering valuable information to identify clinical or programmatic events warranting closer attention and support.
摘要：
背景：本研究旨在调查与以下相关的突变，的原因，以及导致HIV耐药性（DR）的条件。这项研究为艾滋病毒逃避抗逆转录病毒药物的机制提供了重要的见解，并提出了应对这一现象的策略。我们的目标是评估俄罗斯各个地区HIV-1中DR的患病率和结构，并确定影响HIV-DR发展的主要因素。
方法：该研究使用了从2005年至2019年期间有治疗史和病毒学失败的1369名患者获得的HIV-1pol基因的核苷酸序列来分析DR的频率和结构及其相关因素。
结果：分析的HIV-1基因型包括对核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs；11.8%）耐药的病毒，非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs；6.4%），和NRTIs+NNRTIs（31.7%）。突变M184V/I和G190A/S/E最为普遍,占54.5%和26.6%，分别。在整个观察期间，多重DR的优势持续存在。男性遇到耐药变异的可能性增加，感染晚期的患者，以及病毒载量<30000RNA拷贝/mL的那些。注射药物使用与DR无关。
结论：这项研究对俄罗斯的HIVDR产生了新的见解，提供有价值的信息，以确定临床或程序事件，值得密切关注和支持。
方法：该研究使用了从2005年至2019年期间有治疗史和病毒学失败的1369名患者获得的HIV-1pol基因的核苷酸序列来分析DR的频率和结构及其相关因素。
结果：分析的HIV-1基因型包括对核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs；11.8%）耐药的病毒，非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs；6.4%），和NRTIs+NNRTIs（31.7%）。突变M184V/I和G190A/S/E最为普遍,占54.5%和26.6%，分别。在整个观察期间，多重DR的优势持续存在。男性遇到耐药变异的可能性增加，感染晚期的患者，以及病毒载量<30000RNA拷贝/mL的那些。注射药物使用与DR无关。
结论：这项研究对俄罗斯的HIVDR产生了新的见解，提供有价值的信息，以确定临床或程序事件，值得密切关注和支持。
